1992
DOI: 10.1021/ja00040a074
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Covalent modification of carbon surfaces by grafting of functionalized aryl radicals produced from electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts

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Cited by 959 publications
(840 citation statements)
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“…There are 3 broad, and somewhat interrelated, approaches and effects to consider: (i) selective doping of sp 2 materials by various heteroatoms (e.g. N, 22 B, 23 S, 24 and P 25 ); (ii) surface modification with different functional groups by chemical oxidation, or grafting 26,27 and (iii) defects, which may promote electrocatalysis. 28,29 An interesting way to introduce defects is by the intercalation of anions (ClO 4 − , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− ) during the electrochemical oxidation of sp 2 carbon materials (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are 3 broad, and somewhat interrelated, approaches and effects to consider: (i) selective doping of sp 2 materials by various heteroatoms (e.g. N, 22 B, 23 S, 24 and P 25 ); (ii) surface modification with different functional groups by chemical oxidation, or grafting 26,27 and (iii) defects, which may promote electrocatalysis. 28,29 An interesting way to introduce defects is by the intercalation of anions (ClO 4 − , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− ) during the electrochemical oxidation of sp 2 carbon materials (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[234] A general strategy for the coating of conducting substrates is the electrochemical grafting of aryl diazonium salts onto conducting surfaces. [133] Upon reduction of a diazonium salt a covalently attached organic coating was observed, as corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. [134][ 135] In principle, electrochemical grafting of aryl diazonium salts can be performed on any conducting or semi-conducting electrode material, resulting in a broad scope of starting surfaces potentially functionalizable by this method.…”
Section: Platinum Electrode Modificationmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…[132] In order to build high quality layers to control the surface properties of electrodes, organic molecules need to be chemically attached. A very interesting approach was proposed in 1992 by Pinson [133] who showed that the reduction of aryl diazonium salt at carbon surfaces resulted in a strongly attached surface layer (electrochemical grafting) and suggested covalent bond formation between an aryl radical and the carbon surface. Five years later XPS and Raman spectroscopy provides evidence for the formation of covalent bonds between the modifier and the carbon surface.…”
Section: Surface Functionalization By Electrochemical Reduction Of DImentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A funcionalização do carbono melhora as propriedades mecânicas de materiais, o que é interessante em aplicações tecnológicas 28 . As estratégias adotadas para a modificação de superfícies de carbono podem ser oxidativas ou redutivas sendo que a presença de grupos funcionais podem estar presentes de forma não-covalente ou covalente na superfície 29 .…”
Section: Eletrodos De Carbono Funcionalizadosunclassified