Couroupita guianansis dead flower derived porous activated carbon as efficient supercapacitor electrode material

A simple conversion of expired medicines into nontoxic activated carbon for energy storage applications

“…One more important peak appeared at 43.5 with (1 0 0) diffraction could be allotted to the amorphous and disordered structure of graphitic carbon in the sample. 18,39 All these results proved the presence of high interlayer stacking in Em AC sample, which could effectively increase the electrical conductivity of the sample. The N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm curve of Em AC was given in Figure 2D, in which the sample portrayed type IV isotherm curve, with vertical uptake possessed in the low P/P o range and hysteresis loop at P/P o > 0.5, suggestive of abundant mesopores in the sample.…”

“…In addition, C H symmetric and asymmetric stretching frequencies of Em AC sample were positioned at 2840 and 2923 cm À1 , respectively. 18,38 In Figure 2B, Raman spectrum of Em AC sample showed two characteristic peaks at 1590 and 1341 cm À1 , corresponding to G and D band, respectively, where G band was related to the characteristic peak of graphitic layers and D band was related to the degree of structural disorder in the sample. In general, the intensity ratio of I D /I G indicates the degree of graphitic nature of the sample, and it was calculated to be 0.95 for Em AC, which proved that Em AC sample possessed an improved degree of graphitization and excellent electrical conductivity.…”

“…It is clear that that the CV curves of Em AC were in nearly rectangular shape, suggestive of the double-layer capacitance behavior. 18,44 In addition, small and broad redox peaks were also found in CV curves, indicative of reversible Faradaic surface redox reactions, caused by pseudocapacitive behavior, and this might be ascribed to the existence of oxygen functionalities in the Em AC sample. 32,34 The C sp values of Em AC sample from CV curves were calculated using the Equation (1) were found to be 425, 414, 369, 361, 301, 263, and 235 F/g at the scan rate of 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mV/s, respectively.…”

“…Accretion of charges on the interface between electrode and electrolyte creates the electrical energy storage in EDLCs. 17,18 Thus, textural properties such as increased surface area of the electrode materials and porous nature are important factors to increase the performance of SC devices. 19,20 So far, different types of carbon materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are extensively used as electrode material in SC devices, owing to their incredible electrochemical and physical properties.…”

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31] Moreover, biowaste-derived activated can become an alternate source for the petrochemical feedstocks, particularly for energy generation. 18,32 Recently, Bamboo, 33 Nettilingam seeds, 34 corncob residue, 35 sugarcane bagasse, pistachio shells, waste tea leaves, musk melon skin, rice bran, and some plant leaves 21 have been utilized as precursor materials to synthesize activated carbon and were tested as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. 36 Based on the literature survey, an attempt has been made to convert the expired organic-based medicines into highly porous activated carbon and to utilize it as electrode material in supercapacitor devices.…”