Coupling the Circadian Clock to Homeostasis: The Role of Period in Timing Physiology

Kim, Pureum; Oster, Henrik; Lehnert, Hendrik; Schmid, Sebastian; Salamat, Nicole; Barclay, Johanna L.; Maronde, Erik; Inder, Warrick J.; Rawashdeh, Oliver

doi:10.1210/er.2018-00049

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 325 publications

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“…Melatonin is strongly regulated by light/dark cycle with high levels during the night in all vertebrates. This fundamental rhythmic endocrine signal for darkness in the body is controlled by the master clock in the SCN and mainly by the Period gene (Per1) that has been shown to cycle rhythmically in the pineal gland [74]. For instance, McHill et al [75] found that, on average, obese individuals consumed most of their calories an hour closer to melatonin onset (biological marker of impending sleep onset) compared to lean individuals.…”

Section: Meal Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Meal Frequency and Timing on Health in Humans: The Role of Fasting

et al. 2019

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The influence of meal frequency and timing on health and disease has been a topic of interest for many years. While epidemiological evidence indicates an association between higher meal frequencies and lower disease risk, experimental trials have shown conflicting results. Furthermore, recent prospective research has demonstrated a significant increase in disease risk with a high meal frequency (≥6 meals/day) as compared to a low meal frequency (1–2 meals/day). Apart from meal frequency and timing we also have to consider breakfast consumption and the distribution of daily energy intake, caloric restriction, and night-time eating. A central role in this complex scenario is played by the fasting period length between two meals. The physiological underpinning of these interconnected variables may be through internal circadian clocks, and food consumption that is asynchronous with natural circadian rhythms may exert adverse health effects and increase disease risk. Additionally, alterations in meal frequency and meal timing have the potential to influence energy and macronutrient intake.A regular meal pattern including breakfast consumption, consuming a higher proportion of energy early in the day, reduced meal frequency (i.e., 2–3 meals/day), and regular fasting periods may provide physiological benefits such as reduced inflammation, improved circadian rhythmicity, increased autophagy and stress resistance, and modulation of the gut microbiota

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Section: Meal Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Meal Frequency and Timing on Health in Humans: The Role of Fasting

et al. 2019

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“…In a DST shift effect analysis, one should keep in mind that there are two distinct phenomena in play: (1) the natural variation of day length, the amount of light over the year, and the daily sunlight intensity cycle affects the human circadian clock, behavior, and numerous diseases [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], and; (2) the disruption of individuals' daily schedule due to the DST shift. Our analyses were designed to target the effects associated with the latter, adjusting for the former with negative controls.…”

Section: Plos Computational Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurable health effects associated with the daylight saving time shift

et al. 2020

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The transition to daylight saving time (DST) is beneficial for energy conservation but at the same time it has been reported to increase the risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular problems. Here, we evaluate the effect of the DST shift on a whole spectrum of diseasesan analysis we hope will be helpful in weighing the risks and benefits of DST shifts. Our study relied on a population-based, cross-sectional analysis of the IBM Watson Health Mar-ketScan insurance claim dataset, which incorporates over 150 million unique patients in the US, and the Swedish national inpatient register, which incorporates more than nine million unique Swedes. For hundreds of sex-and age-specific diseases, we assessed effects of the DST shifts forward and backward by one hour in spring and autumn by comparing the observed and expected diagnosis rates after DST shift exposure. We found four prominent, elevated risk clusters, including cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks), injuries, mental and behavioral disorders, and immune-related diseases such as noninfective enteritis and colitis to be significantly associated with DST shifts in the United States and Sweden. While the majority of disease risk elevations are modest (a few percent), a considerable number of diseases exhibit an approximately ten percent relative risk increase. We estimate that each spring DST shift is associated with negative health effects-with 150,000 incidences in the US, and 880,000 globally. We also identify for the first time a collection of diseases with relative risks that appear to decrease immediately after the spring DST shift, enriched with infections and immune system-related maladies. These diseases' decreasing relative risks might be driven by the documented boosting effect of a short-term stress (such as that experienced around the spring DST shift) on the immune system.

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“…Currently, several core circadian genes, also known as circadian clock genes, have been identified in humans (13): ARNTL (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like, also identify in brain and muscle as Arnt-like protein-1, BMAL1) (14, 15), CLOCK (clock circadian regulator) (16), CRY1 (cryptochrome circadian clock 1), CRY2 (cryptochrome circadian clock 2) (17), PER1 (period circadian clock 1), PER2 (period circadian clock 2), PER3 (period circadian clock 3) (18–20), CSNK1E (casein kinase I epsilon) (6, 21), NPAS2 (neuronal PAS domain protein 2) (22, 23), NR1D1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 also called Rev-Erb alpha) (24, 25), NR1D2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2 also referred to Rev-Erb beta) (26), RORA (RAR related orphan receptor A) (27) and TIMELESS (timeless circadian clock) (28, 29).…”

Section: Circadian Clock Mechanism Clock Genes and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Polymorphisms of Circadian Genes Associated With Endocrine Cancer

et al. 2019

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A major consequence of the world industrialized lifestyle is the increasing period of unnatural light in environments during the day and artificial lighting at night. This major change disrupts endogenous homeostasis with external circadian cues, which has been associated to higher risk of diseases affecting human health, mainly cancer among others. Circadian disruption promotes tumor development and accelerate its fast progression. The dysregulation mechanisms of circadian genes is greatly affected by the genetic variability of these genes. To date, several core circadian genes, also called circadian clock genes, have been identified, comprising the following: ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, CSNK1E, NPAS2, NR1D1, NR1D2, PER1, PER2, PER3, RORA , and TIMELESS . The polymorphic variants of these circadian genes might contribute to an individual's risk to cancer. In this short review, we focused on clock circadian clock-related genes, major contributors of the susceptibility to endocrine-dependent cancers through affecting circadian clock, most likely affecting hormonal regulation. We examined polymorphisms affecting breast, prostate and ovarian carcinogenesis, in addition to pancreatic and thyroid cancer. Further study of the genetic composition in circadian clock-controlled tumors will be of great importance by establishing the foundation to discover novel genetic biomarkers for cancer prevention, prognosis and target therapies.

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Coupling the Circadian Clock to Homeostasis: The Role of Period in Timing Physiology

Cited by 51 publications

References 325 publications

The Influence of Meal Frequency and Timing on Health in Humans: The Role of Fasting

The Influence of Meal Frequency and Timing on Health in Humans: The Role of Fasting

Measurable health effects associated with the daylight saving time shift

An Overview of the Polymorphisms of Circadian Genes Associated With Endocrine Cancer

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