Coupling distributed stormwater collection and managed aquifer recharge: Field application and implications

Beganskas, S.; Fisher, A. T.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.058

Cited by 49 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…5 g sand was placed inside the column and compacted to a height of 1 cm. Each column was packed with 80 g sand, giving a density of sand of around 1.6 g/cm 3 . The columns were packed with pure fine quartz sand, median particle diameter ≈0.163 mm.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The columns were packed with pure fine quartz sand, median particle diameter ≈0.163 mm. Columns were packed with sand in 1 cm increments according to its natural density (1.6 g/cm 3 ). Inlet flow rates were set to 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mL/min, which correspond to Darcy flow velocity (V D ) 0.46, 1.62 and 4.55 m/d, respectively.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments were conducted with recharge water of pH 7 and Eh = 0.4 V. The Pourbaix diagram (Figure 7) [26] shows that Fe(III) is as precipitated as Fe(OH) 3 under the experimental condition. Therefore, we used Fe(OH) 3 to approximate Fe(III) in liquid.…”

Section: Fe(iii) Clogging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we used Fe(OH) 3 to approximate Fe(III) in liquid. Furthermore, there was virtually no influence of atmospheric oxygen during the rest of the experiment process.…”

Section: Fe(iii) Clogging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquifer recharge using storm water runoff has been used for more than a century in the United States [2]. A regional network of distributed storm water collection-managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects could increase groundwater supplies while contributing to improved groundwater quality, flood mitigation, and stakeholder engagement [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow Velocity Effects on Fe(III) Clogging during Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Storm Water

Zhang

et al. 2018

Water

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Storm water harvesting and storage has been employed for nearly a hundred years, and using storm water to recharge aquifers is one of the most important ways to relieve water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. However, it cannot be widely adopted because of clogging problems. The risk of chemical clogging is mostly associated with iron oxyhydroxide precipitation; anhydrous ferric oxide (HFO) clogging remains a problem in many wellfields. This paper investigates Fe(III) clogging levels at three flow velocities (Darcy velocities, 0.46, 1.62 and 4.55 m/d). The results indicate that clogging increases with flow velocity, and is mostly affected by the first 0-3 cm of the column. The highest water velocity caused full clogging in 35 h, whereas the lowest took 53 h to reach an stable 60% reduction in hydraulic conductivity. For the high flow velocity, over 90% of the HFO was deposited in the 0-1 cm section. In contrast, the lowest flow velocity deposited only 75% in this section. Fe(III) deposition was used as an approximation for Fe(OH) 3. High flow velocity may promote Fe(OH) 3 flocculent precipitate, thus increasing Fe(III) deposition. The main mechanism for a porous matrix interception of Fe(III) colloidal particles was surface filtration. Thus, the effects of deposition, clogging phenomena, and physicochemical mechanisms, are more significant at higher velocities.

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Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fe(iii) Clogging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we used Fe(OH) 3 to approximate Fe(III) in liquid. Furthermore, there was virtually no influence of atmospheric oxygen during the rest of the experiment process.…”

Section: Fe(iii) Clogging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow Velocity Effects on Fe(III) Clogging during Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Storm Water

Zhang

et al. 2018

Water

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Clogging process by suspended solids during groundwater artificial recharge: Evidence from lab simulations and numerical modelling

Chu

Yang

Lü

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Permeability reduction of infiltration media due to suspended solid (SS) clogging is the bane of groundwater artificial recharge. To overcome the clogging problem and advance the understanding of the process-based spatial-temporal evolution of SS clogging, a 1D laboratory column simulation was carried out, followed by numerical modelling of the experimental data in this study. It was found that clogging caused a reduction in the hydraulic conductivity (K) in the upper layer at the beginning and extended deeper to approximately 50 cm, and no reduction in K was detected below 52 cm throughout the experimental period of 129 hr. The most clogged layer spanned from the surface to a depth of 11 cm, and the middle 11-52 cm was characterized by a slight decrease in K. The clogging rates of the different layers decreased with the depth, which was based on data analysis, with the largest value of 0.038 hr −1 in the upper 1 cm. The overall K began to decrease from the surface layer and was increasingly affected by clogging with time. A mathematical model was established to simulate the SS clogging process evolution based on considerations of the attachments and detachments of particles. Then the model was applied to perform several scenario analyses after calibration and validation using the data obtained in the experiment. The simulation results indicated that the SS concentration was much more sensitive than the groundwater depth below the land surface, and 10 days of constant recharge is recommended as the disposal cycle of the clogged layer under the given conditions. K E Y W O R D S groundwater artificial recharge, hydraulic conductivity, laboratory experiments, numerical modelling, permeability reduction, saturated porous media, suspended solid clogging, vertical seepage

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The potential for nitrate removal during infiltration: Mapping with machine learning informed by field and laboratory experiments

Gorski

Fisher

Dailey³

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can increase groundwater supply and, under some conditions, improve groundwater quality simultaneously. However, the conditions under which water quality improvements can be achieved during infiltration for MAR have not been systematically examined in a spatially explicit manner. This work aims to address that gap by synthesizing observations from laboratory tests, field experiments and operational facilities at four MAR sites within the Pajaro Valley, California, USA to develop a predictive model of nitrate removal during infiltration. We compare two machine learning approaches; random forest and boosted regression trees, to multiple linear regression. The preferred model uses boosted regression trees, with four predictor variables (initial nitrate concentration of infiltrating water, residence time in the soil, soil organic carbon content, and soil percent clay). We apply this model to simulate the spatial distribution of potential nitrate removal (NRp) across a heterogeneous and mixed‐use landscape, finding that >87% of the region has the potential to remove nitrate during infiltration. To link potential nitrate removal capacity to available water for MAR, we combine a map of NRp with independently simulated hillslope runoff, and find that potential load reduction is highest in urban areas (median = 18.8 kg‐N/yr) where large runoff volumes are collocated with soils having high nutrient cycling capacity compared to forested and agricultural areas (median = 1.6 and 3.5 kg‐N/yr, respectively). We analyse potential load reduction across dry, normal, and wet precipitation scenarios, which shows that urban areas have the potential to yield large load reductions (median = 11.3 kg‐N/yr) even under relatively dry conditions. However, much of the generation of elevated nitrate in runoff is associated with agricultural activity. These results suggest that the urban–agricultural interface represents a crucial link between hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles where water supply and quality goals may be met simultaneously. The technical approach used in this study is highly flexible and can help guide decisions in resource management and identify promising MAR sites. More broadly, this approach also elucidates heterogeneity in biogeochemical cycling across complex landscapes.

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Coupling distributed stormwater collection and managed aquifer recharge: Field application and implications

Cited by 49 publications

References 101 publications

Flow Velocity Effects on Fe(III) Clogging during Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Storm Water

Flow Velocity Effects on Fe(III) Clogging during Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Storm Water

Clogging process by suspended solids during groundwater artificial recharge: Evidence from lab simulations and numerical modelling

The potential for nitrate removal during infiltration: Mapping with machine learning informed by field and laboratory experiments

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