“…Despite several fluoride removal methods, economic, procedural, and environmental disadvantages restrict their wide usage in many parts of the world. Although reverse osmosis [ 14 , 15 ], ultrafiltration [ 16 ], electrodialysis [ 17 ], and ion exchange [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] have good fluoride removal efficiency and are fairly steady, their operating costs are prohibitively high for developing countries like Ethiopia. The coagulation sedimentation methods [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] are simple to use, low cost and simple to apply; nevertheless, the dosage is too high and cannot be regenerated, causing secondary pollution and difficulty reducing fluoride to permissible levels.…”