Coupled Eulerian Internal Nozzle Flow and Lagrangian Spray Simulations for GDI Systems

Saha, Kaushik; Quan, Shaoping; Battistoni, Michele; Som, Sibendu; Senecal, P. K.; Pomraning, Eric

doi:10.4271/2017-01-0834

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As a consequence, a different effect on the spray, due to the changes in value of the C ε1 parameter, might be observable. In this regard, literature data [17] show that the best results were achieved for values of C ε1 equal to 1.35 and 1.44, depending on the specific "plume cone angle". It was verified in this work that a value of the constant equal to 1.5 had the effect to increase the penetration of the vapor, especially when coupled with a mesh cell size of 0.5 mm.…”

Section: Standard Ecn Condition: Spray Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…On this basis, the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) allowed for a specific multi-hole gasoline injector known as Spray G to represent an available benchmark both for experimental and numerical validations. During the years, different CFD simulations were performed on the Spray G geometry, proposing detailed modeling of the internal nozzle flow [14] under both flashing and non-flashing conditions [15,16,17]. Furthermore, LES simulations were deployed for the injection modeling [18] and they were also coupled with DNS investigation of the spray near-nozzle primary break-up [19], while effects of ambient temperature and ambient density on plume interaction and vaporization were experimentally investigated [4,10,20], providing a consistent dataset for the most recent available RANS and LES numerical validations [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combined Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the ECN Spray G under Different Engine-Like Conditions

Paredi¹,

Lucchini²,

D’Errico³

et al. 2018

SAE Technical Paper Series

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A detailed understanding of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) techniques applied to spark-ignition (SI) engines is necessary as they allow for many technical advantages such as increased power output, higher fuel efficiency and better cold start performances. Within this context, the extensive validation of multi-dimensional models against experimental data is a fundamental task in order to achieve an accurate reproduction of the physical phenomena characterizing the injected fuel spray. In this work, simulations of different Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray G conditions were performed with the Lib-ICE code, which is based on the open source OpenFOAM technology, by using a RANS Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to model the ambient gas-fuel spray interaction. Foremost, the main scope of the activity was to identify the most accurate numerical setup in terms of atomization ad secondary break-up models, thanks to a validation of the computed results against experimental data available for the ECN Spray G baseline condition. Specifically, attention was focused on spray penetration along with an analysis of spray morphology and effects of plume-to-plume interaction. Afterwards, the reference setup was tested and validated under different operating conditions, characterized by detailed experimental measurements specifically provided for this work. In particular, Mie scattering and Schlieren techniques allowed the quasi-simultaneous acquisition of both vapor and liquid penetrations, while a customized imageprocessing procedure, developed in Matlab environment, was used for the outline of the spray contours of both fuel phases to measure the parameters characterizing the jet development. A robust reference numerical setup was identified, capable to reproduce with good accuracy the injection process of a multi-hole GDI spray under the wide range of tested operating conditions. COMBINED EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ECN SPRAY G

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Section: Standard Ecn Condition: Spray Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the ECN Spray G under Different Engine-Like Conditions

Paredi¹,

Lucchini²,

D’Errico³

et al. 2018

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…The HRM has been applied successfully over the last decade to model flash atomisation in gasoline direct injection engines [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The HRM was first proposed by Bilicki et al [13] and later extended by Downar-Zapolski et al [14] to model the influence of non-equilibrium effects on the vapour formation rate during the flash boiling of water.…”

Section: Fig 3 Layout Of Tesla Turbine Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling phase change in a novel turbo expander for application to heat pumps and refrigeration cycles

Engelbrecht¹,

Giakoumis²,

Sidiropoulos³

et al. 2019

E3S Web Conf.

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A novel turbo expander based on the Tesla turbine is proposed to be applied to a heat pump or refrigeration cycle to improve the overall cycle efficiency. Initial numerical modelling of this turbo expander at representative conditions was carried out using the homogeneous relaxation model (HRM) to assess the influence of phase change on performance. The presence of a dense cloud of liquid droplets within the rotor was predicted to produce a significant back pressure on the turbine nozzle postponing the phase change. This was expected to occur in the vicinity at the outlet of the nozzle, but high volume fractions of liquid was predicted to penetrate deeper inside the rotor, especially at higher RPM. The resulting lower velocities of the liquid flow at the inlet of the rotor was predicted to significantly degrades the performance of the turbine. It is thus important for a successful implementation of this concept to remove as much liquid droplets as possible before the flow enters the rotor in order to minimise the back pressure.

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“…The downstream of the nozzle region leads to the development of spray process. The multi component liquid fuel ensues from the nozzle holes as liquid jets and due to the effects of perturbations caused by the nozzle or under the influence of aerodynamic forces, the liquid jets breaks down into ligaments or droplets which undergoes further breakup until a stable size of the drop is reached [23]. The fuel spray formation involves various process such as primary and secondary atomization, collision, coalescence, evaporation etc.…”

Section: Nozzle Flows and Spraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Reynolds number of the flow is of the order 50000 showing the nozzle flow is highly turbulent in nature [24]. Besides GDI injectors have a narrow included angle which results in plume to plume interaction and formation of dense spray near the nozzle exit making it is really hard to capture the behaviour with experimental measurement and CFD approaches should be developed to explain the internal nozzle flow with the available data [23].…”

Section: Kh-rt Secondary Breakup Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation Of Spray Characterization Of Heater-GDI System

Purushothaman¹

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Coupled Eulerian Internal Nozzle Flow and Lagrangian Spray Simulations for GDI Systems

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Combined Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the ECN Spray G under Different Engine-Like Conditions

Combined Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the ECN Spray G under Different Engine-Like Conditions

Modelling phase change in a novel turbo expander for application to heat pumps and refrigeration cycles

Numerical Investigation Of Spray Characterization Of Heater-GDI System

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