“…In their ongoing Contributions to Mesoamerican Studies project, Bruce Love and Meghan Rubenstein have documented monuments from Ixtutz (Love and Rubenstein 2017), Sacul (Love and Rubenstein 2018a), and Ixkun (Love and Rubenstein 2018b). Nicholas Carter and colleagues have put forward new interpretations of the archaeological and epigraphic data that foreground the agency of and relationships among political actors, together with the importance of natural travel routes to the Dolores region's historical trajectory (Carter 2016; Carter and MacLeod 2021; Carter and Santini 2019; Carter et al 2019; Carter et al 2022). The following discussion of the area's political history derives from these interpretations.…”
Section: Archaeology and Political History Of The Dolores Regionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 1.Map of the Maya region showing sites mentioned in this article and other relevant sites. Map by Carter.Figure 2.Map of archaeological sites around the modern town of Dolores, Peten, Guatemala, showing FETE least-cost paths with no load and cost determined by effort (see Carter et al 2019). Map by Krause and Carter.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Map of archaeological sites around the modern town of Dolores, Peten, Guatemala, showing FETE least-cost paths with no load and cost determined by effort (see Carter et al 2019). Map by Krause and Carter.…”
We present a photogrammetric model and new line drawing of Sacul Stela 3 at the ancient Maya site of Sacul 1, Guatemala. Although virtually illegible in person and from photographs, the inscription on the eroded stela can largely be read or reconstructed in the 3D model. Our reading confirms a previous argument that the kingdom based at Sacul 1 was attacked in A.D. 779 by forces from the site of Ucanal. Traveling by night, warriors from Sacul retaliated with a raid at dawn next day on an unidentified site and, months later, followed up with an attack on Ucanal itself. The same narrative appears substantially on a well-known monument, Ixkun Stela 2, but there are differences between the two texts which suggest that Sacul and Ixkun had their own sculptors and record-keepers and which offer insights into the implications of verbs (pul, “to burn” and ch'ak, “to chop”) commonly attested in Classic Maya accounts of war. We then present the results of GIS analysis which suggests that the site area of El Rosario (between Sacul 1 and Ucanal) is an appealing candidate for the unidentified site mentioned in the stela text.
“…In their ongoing Contributions to Mesoamerican Studies project, Bruce Love and Meghan Rubenstein have documented monuments from Ixtutz (Love and Rubenstein 2017), Sacul (Love and Rubenstein 2018a), and Ixkun (Love and Rubenstein 2018b). Nicholas Carter and colleagues have put forward new interpretations of the archaeological and epigraphic data that foreground the agency of and relationships among political actors, together with the importance of natural travel routes to the Dolores region's historical trajectory (Carter 2016; Carter and MacLeod 2021; Carter and Santini 2019; Carter et al 2019; Carter et al 2022). The following discussion of the area's political history derives from these interpretations.…”
Section: Archaeology and Political History Of The Dolores Regionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 1.Map of the Maya region showing sites mentioned in this article and other relevant sites. Map by Carter.Figure 2.Map of archaeological sites around the modern town of Dolores, Peten, Guatemala, showing FETE least-cost paths with no load and cost determined by effort (see Carter et al 2019). Map by Krause and Carter.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Map of archaeological sites around the modern town of Dolores, Peten, Guatemala, showing FETE least-cost paths with no load and cost determined by effort (see Carter et al 2019). Map by Krause and Carter.…”
We present a photogrammetric model and new line drawing of Sacul Stela 3 at the ancient Maya site of Sacul 1, Guatemala. Although virtually illegible in person and from photographs, the inscription on the eroded stela can largely be read or reconstructed in the 3D model. Our reading confirms a previous argument that the kingdom based at Sacul 1 was attacked in A.D. 779 by forces from the site of Ucanal. Traveling by night, warriors from Sacul retaliated with a raid at dawn next day on an unidentified site and, months later, followed up with an attack on Ucanal itself. The same narrative appears substantially on a well-known monument, Ixkun Stela 2, but there are differences between the two texts which suggest that Sacul and Ixkun had their own sculptors and record-keepers and which offer insights into the implications of verbs (pul, “to burn” and ch'ak, “to chop”) commonly attested in Classic Maya accounts of war. We then present the results of GIS analysis which suggests that the site area of El Rosario (between Sacul 1 and Ucanal) is an appealing candidate for the unidentified site mentioned in the stela text.
“…Al principio, el rey de K'anwitznal, en el sitio de Ucanal al norte de la meseta de Dolores a lo largo del río Mopán, mantuvo unido un remanente de la red, con el gobernante de Juluup como uno de sus vasallos. Luego, el rey de Juluup instaló su propio vasallo, con Ixkun como su nueva capital, interrumpiendo la ruta natural para el comercio y los viajes que conectó Ixtonton y Ucanal a las regiones al norte y sur (Carter et al 2019:Figura 12). Esta decisión precipitó una guerra entre K'anwitznal y la alianza Juluup–Ixkun en 779 y 780 dC (Carter 2016:244-247).…”
Section: Historia De Un Trono Divididounclassified
Aquí presentamos el descubrimiento de una banca jeroglífica esculpida del sitio maya de Ixtutz, Petén, Guatemala. Analizamos la inscripción jeroglífica en la banca y discutimos la historia del objecto en el contexto de su producción, su desmantelamiento y reutilización subsecuente, y la remoción de unas piezas del sitio. Mostramos que dos bloques inscritos de caliza, uno de ellos en una colección privada en Bruselas y el otro en el Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California, pertenecen al mismo trono, y llamamos para su repatriación voluntaria a Guatemala.
“…g. SRTM(NASA JPL, 2013) ,ASTER (NASA JPL, 2009) and EU-DEM (GMES RDA Project, 2013), Ordnance Survey Terrain 50 (Ordnance Survey, 2020)) that are commonly used within archaeological LCP studies (e.g Bebber et al, 2017;Browne and Wilson, 2013;Carter et al, 2019;Diwan and Doumit, 2017;Lock and Pouncett, 2010;Moutsiou and Agapiou, 2019;O'Sullivan, 2019;Rademaker et al, 2012;Rosenswig and Martínez Tuñón, 2020;Taliaferro et al, 2010…”
The movement of past peoples in the landscape has been studied extensively through the use of Least Cost Path (LCP) analysis. Although methodological issues of applying LCP analysis in Archaeology have frequently been discussed, the effect of vertical error in the DEM on LCP results has not been assessed. This research proposes the use of Monte Carlo simulation as a method for incorporating and propagating the effects of vertical error on LCP results. Random error fields representing the vertical error of the DEM are calculated and incorporated into the documented and reproducible LCP modelling process using the R package leastcostpath. The development of probabilistic Least Cost Paths allows for the identification of areas that are probabilistically more likely, and likewise less likely, to have an LCP crossing a cell. Furthermore, by incorporating uncertainty into the LCP modelling process, greater confidence can be given to LCP results. These methods are applied to a Roman road case study that aims to illustrate how interpretations drawn from a single realisation of an LCP should be viewed with caution. Instead, results should be based on multiple realisations of the LCP after incorporating vertical error and interpretations should be expressed probabilistically through the use of probabilistic LCPs.
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