Background: Natural language processing models such as ChatGPT can generate text-based content and are poised to become a major information source in medicine and beyond. The accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT for medical queries is not known. Methods: Thirty-three physicians across 17 specialties generated 284 medical questions that they subjectively classified as easy, medium, or hard with either binary (yes/no) or descriptive answers. The physicians then graded ChatGPT-generated answers to these questions for accuracy (6-point Likert scale; range 1 – completely incorrect to 6 – completely correct) and completeness (3-point Likert scale; range 1 – incomplete to 3 - complete plus additional context). Scores were summarized with descriptive statistics and compared using Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis testing. Results: Across all questions (n=284), median accuracy score was 5.5 (between almost completely and completely correct) with mean score of 4.8 (between mostly and almost completely correct). Median completeness score was 3 (complete and comprehensive) with mean score of 2.5. For questions rated easy, medium, and hard, median accuracy scores were 6, 5.5, and 5 (mean 5.0, 4.7, and 4.6; p=0.05). Accuracy scores for binary and descriptive questions were similar (median 6 vs. 5; mean 4.9 vs. 4.7; p=0.07). Of 36 questions with scores of 1-2, 34 were re-queried/re-graded 8-17 days later with substantial improvement (median 2 vs. 4; p<0.01). Conclusions: ChatGPT generated largely accurate information to diverse medical queries as judged by academic physician specialists although with important limitations. Further research and model development are needed to correct inaccuracies and for validation.
Study Design: A multicenter, single-masked study of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) using a repeated-measures design. Objective: To compare 3 different methods of patellar taping for individuals with PFPS. Background: Patellar taping is commonly used as a treatment for PFPS. It is commonly thought that taping works by medially realigning the patella. However, comparisons have been rarely made with other methods of taping which attempt to realign the patella in different directions. Methods and Measures: Seventy-one patients with PFPS (39 men, 32 women; average age ± SD, 34 ± 10 years) from 3 different treatment centers were tested. Each patient performed 4 single step-downs from a standard 8-inch (20.3-cm) platform, initially with the patella untaped and then with the patella taped in a medial, neutral, and lateral direction. Pain was recorded on a standard 11-point numerical pain rating scale. The sequence of taping was randomly allocated and patients were masked to the method used. The methods of taping were compared using repeated-measures generalized linear model analysis. Results: All methods of taping significantly decreased pain when compared to the untaped condition (PϽ.0001). Neutral-and lateral-glide techniques produced a significantly greater degree of pain relief (PϽ.0001) than the medial-glide technique. Conclusion: In this study, patellar taping produced an immediate decrease in pain in patients with PFPS, irrespective of how taping was applied. These data raise questions as to the mechanism of action of patellar taping. Furthermore, these results suggest that it is unlikely that taping works by altering patellar position. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2003;33:437-448. Key Words: knee, lower extremity, patella, tape P atellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a condition frequently seen by physical therapists. It is characterized by diffuse pain over the anterior aspect of the knee and is usually aggravated by activities that increase patellofemoral joint compressive forces, such as ascending or descending stairs, squatting, and prolonged sitting. 30 It is the most prevalent disorder involving the knee, 2,18,25 the second most common musculoskeletal complaint present- 26 Despite this frequency of presentation, the etiology of PFPS remains unclear. 6,30 Many authors have proposed that the primary cause of PFPS is lateral tracking of the patella. 12,16 Support for this theory comes from radiological studies designed to identify differences in patellofemoral joint alignment between asymptomatic and pathological patellae. 1,24,29 However, studies have shown PFPS to be present with no radiographic sign of patellar lateralization 21,36 and others have reported radiographic evidence of maltracking in healthy, asymptomatic subjects. 20,32 Based largely upon the theory of patellar maltracking, McConnell 26 has devised a system of treatment for PFPS by taping the patella in a medial direction. She proposes that the taping works primarily by causing a mechanical medial realignment of the ...
High levels of BNP are synthesised and secreted by the transplanted human ventricle, and the transplanted ventricle may be an important source of circulating BNP. The significant positive association between ventricular BNP and time after transplant suggests a possible self compensatory mechanism or functional adaptation of the transplanted heart which may be beneficial to ventricular function.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.