Country-dependent Characterisation Factors for Acidification and Terrestrial Eutrophication Based on Accumulated Exceedance as an Impact Category Indicator (14 pp)

Seppälä, Jyri; Posch, Maximilian; Johansson, Matti; Hettelingh, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1065/lca2005.06.215

Cited by 234 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The lack of spatial specificityboth in connection with stressor source characteristics and receiving environment sensitivity -is a recognized limitation of current impact assessment methods [55,56]. Generic characterization factors from ReCiPe [28] are used in this work, but sea vessel-specific or Norwegian environment-specific characterization may have yielded different results for some impact categories [57,58]. As for the IO system contributions to impact indicator results, uncertainty comes from the assumed capital and variable cost levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Ships and Spare Parts in LCAs of Offshore Wind Power

Arvesen

Birkeland

Hertwich

2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We develop and assess life cycle inventories of a conceptual offshore wind farm using a hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Special emphasis is placed on aspects of installation, operation, and maintenance, as these stages have been given only cursory consideration in previous LCAs. The results indicate that previous studies have underestimated the impacts caused by offshore operations and (though less important) exchange of parts. Offshore installation and maintenance activities cause 28% (10 g CO2-Eq/kWh) of total greenhouse gas emissions and 31–45% of total impact indicator values at the most (marine eutrophication, acidification, particulates, photochemical ozone). Transport and dumping of rock in installation phase and maintenance of wind turbines in use phase are major contributory activities. Manufacturing of spare parts is responsible for 6% (2 g CO2-Eq/kWh) of greenhouse gas emissions and up to 13% of total impact indicator values (freshwater ecotoxicity). Assumptions on lifetimes, work times for offshore activities and implementation of NO x abatement on vessels are shown to have a significant influence on results. Another source of uncertainty is assumed operating mode data for vessels determining fuel consumption rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Ships and Spare Parts in LCAs of Offshore Wind Power

Arvesen

Birkeland

Hertwich

2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…a Calculated as the mean of the factors of raw material and fuel consumptions. b Calculated as the weighted mean of the factors of SO 2 and NO X using the characterization factors from the acidification potential impact category [33,34].…”

Section: Weighting Of the Lca Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Approach to Identifying Economically Feasible and Environmentally Benign Methods of Recycling Ash on a Regional Scale

Deviatkin¹,

Havukainen²,

Horttanainen³

2016

JRST

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This study systematically assessed and compared four ash recycling possibilities, namely forest fertilization, landfill construction, road construction, and road stabilization through the use of cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment methods. The results indicated that forest fertilization with ash was the most economically attractive method with a 60% increase in the net present value compared to ash landfilling, while reducing the environmental impact by 0.3%. On the contrary, road construction with ash resulted in a 13% reduction in the environmental impact and an increase in net present value of 25%. Landfill construction with ash was overall the least attractive proposition.

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“…Generally, there are two types of oxygen depletion: one is the primary oxygen consumption caused by the release of organic matter; another is the secondary oxygen consumption that resulted from the potential algae degradation (Karrman and Jonsson 2001). Existing manuals of LCA mainly consider the secondary oxygen consumption as the scientific background of eutrophication, stressing the potential contribution of phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) to biomass production (Guinee 2001;Hauschild et al 2013;Seppala et al 2004;Seppala et al 2006), however, has not given much consideration to the primary oxygen consumption. With respect to WRI, especially various legislations or various policies, there would be great difference in emissions of organic matter, which will damage local aquatic environment directly and differently during the phase of primary oxygen consumption (Wang et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Set organic pollution as an impact category to achieve more comprehensive evaluation of life cycle assessment in wastewater-related issues

Zhao

Yang

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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For wastewater-related issues (WRI), life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used to evaluate environmental impacts and derive optimization strategies. To promote the application of LCA for WRI, it is critical to incorporate local impact of water pollutants. Organic pollution, a main type of water pollution, has not been given much consideration in current LCA systems. This paper investigates the necessity of setting a regionalized impact category to reflect the local impact of organic pollution. A case study is conducted concerning an upgraded wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in China, which is assumed to meet different sewage control strategies. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is selected to represent the organic pollution and treated as an individual impact category. CML 2002 is used to quantify the environmental impacts of different strategies. Results show that abnormal LCA results are generated with the traditional eutrophication impact category, and after the introduction of COD, more reasonable LCA results are obtained, making the entire comparison of different control strategies more meaningful and compelling. Moreover, BEES, Ecovalue 08, and Chinese factors are adopted here as different weighting methods. Different weighting results exhibited various trade-offs for the increasingly strict control strategies; the results of BEES and Ecovalue08 underlined the potential environmental burden, but the results of Chinese factors only emphasized the local environmental improvement. It is concluded that setting regionalized impact category for organic pollution can make LCA results more reasonable in wastewater treatment, especially in evaluating Chinese cases because of the serious water pollution caused by large quantities of COD emission.

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Country-dependent Characterisation Factors for Acidification and Terrestrial Eutrophication Based on Accumulated Exceedance as an Impact Category Indicator (14 pp)

Cited by 234 publications

References 9 publications

The Importance of Ships and Spare Parts in LCAs of Offshore Wind Power

The Importance of Ships and Spare Parts in LCAs of Offshore Wind Power

Systematic Approach to Identifying Economically Feasible and Environmentally Benign Methods of Recycling Ash on a Regional Scale

Set organic pollution as an impact category to achieve more comprehensive evaluation of life cycle assessment in wastewater-related issues

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