Counterion Effect on the Rheology and Morphology of Tailored Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Ionomers

Batra, Aman; Cohen, Claude; Kim, Han‐Soo; Winey, Karen I.; Ando, Nozomi; Grüner, Sol M.

doi:10.1021/ma052275a

Cited by 37 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…One other morphology has been noted in electron micrographs: rods with very small diameters and large aspect ratios [58]. These structures are seen only with poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) ionomers; along with the unique chemistry of PDMS compared to all of the hydrocarbon-based materials described earlier, the method of synthesis ensures that individual carboxyl groups are widely spaced.…”

Section: Compression Moldingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Mn atoms inside and outside of aggregates almost certainly do not have identical oxygen environments (especially with sixfold coordination, which was the case in this instance), and hence a much more reasonable interpretation is that the aggregation was so disordered that no SAXS peak appeared. More recent scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies [57,58] showed that materials that had no SAXS peak still had ionic aggregates. Spatial disorder and size polydispersity of these aggregates were clearly evident in STEM images and were likely responsible for no SAXS peak; contamination of ionic aggregates by organic material could have contributed as well.…”

Section: Ionomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precipitated into methanol Cu 3-methylstyrene-MAA [124] Spheres, $1.4 nm, Spheres, $1.2 nm Solvent casting, Annealed Zinc-neutralized carboxylated ionomer with PDMS backbone [58] Rods/spheres; rods 3.6 nm diameter/11 nm length; spheres 3.6 6 1.8…”

Section: Compression Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Change from a combination of rods and spheres to just spheres with heat/time Gallium-neutralized carboxylated ionomer with PDMS backbone [58] Spheres 10-60 nm in size Sparsely populated, no SAXS peak Barium-neutralized carboxylated ionomer with PDMS backbone [58] Spheres $4 nm in size; rods $4 nm in size with various lengths; rods may bundle Exact details very dependent on sample preparation conditions Sodium-neutralized carboxylated telechelic [125] Spheres less than 2 nm in size Significant polydispersity, solution casting of very thin sections (no microtoming) a All objects in micrographs show some polydispersity; however, those that show a large amount of polydispersity are indicated either by ranges in the size, or a statement in the comments.…”

Section: Compression Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Grady

2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

101

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This review presents a description of what is known about ionomer morphology. All papers on ionomer morphology are not included in this review; but all relevant questions about ionomer morphology are posed and answered as completely as possible. The review is critical; that is, reasons are given for morphologies that are deemed to be more or less likely. The review is organized along three length scales: sub-nanometer, nanometer to 10 nm, and greater than 10 nm. Within each length scale, all three phases are considered: crystalline, amorphous, and ionic aggregate. The purity of the three phases, the arrangement of atoms in the three phases, the size and shape of the three phases, and their arrangements in space relative to each other are explored in this review. A model for the shape of aggregates in ionomers that have well-ordered internal environments is presented. This model proposes that aggregates are fundamentally planar, but will ''roll up'' into tubes or other related structures in order to reduce the number of atoms at aggregate edges. This model was developed primarily based on the varied morphologies ionomers have shown in electron micrographs, but is consistent with other indirect measurements of ionomer morphology.

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Section: Compression Moldingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Ionomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compression Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compression Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Grady

2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

101

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“…The presence of a shoulder on the upturn at low‐ Q between 0.01 and 0.10 Å −1 was observed earlier in various ionomers and was interpreted to be the classical “ionomer peak” arising from the ionic interaggregate interference . Ionic clusters of components with typical ≈20 nm sizes are known to exhibit two relaxation transitions in loss tangent profiles .…”

mentioning

confidence: 59%

An Ionomeric Renewable Thermoplastic from Lignin‐Reinforced Rubber

Barnes

Goswami

Nguyen

et al. 2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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An ionomeric, leathery thermoplastic with high mechanical strength is prepared by a new thermal processing method from a soft, melt‐processable rubber. Compositions made by incorporation of equal‐mass lignin, a renewable oligomeric feedstock, in an acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber often yield weak rubbers with large lignin domains (1–2 µm). The addition of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in such a composition based on sinapyl alcohol‐rich lignin during a solvent‐free synthesis induces a strong interfacial crosslinking between lignin and rubber phases. This compositional modification results in finely interspersed lignin domains (<100 nm) that essentially reinforce the rubbery matrix with a 10–22 °C rise in the glassy‐to‐rubbery transition temperature. The ion‐modified polymer blends also show improved materials properties, like a 100% increase in ultimate tensile strength and an order of magnitude rise in Young's modulus. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations verify the morphology and dynamics of the ionomeric material. The computed result also confirms that the ionomers have glassy characteristics.

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Ionomers

Kim

2016

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Ionomers are polymers that contain a relatively small amount of ionic groups along the polymer chain of a low dielectric constant, which show unique physical properties, eg, two glass transition temperatures, small‐angle X‐ray scattering peak, transport, and high melt viscosity. The interactions between ionic groups are important in that they allow modification of the polymer properties by introducing the ionic groups into nonionic polymers. Ionomers have received considerable attention from both industrial and academic arenas. This article starts with a brief discussion on the ionomers, multiplets, and clusters and their glass transitions. The physical properties of various ionomers are described next, followed by a discussion on ionomer blends and on plasticization using polar, nonpolar, and amphiphilic plasticizers. Finally, selected applications of ionomers are introduced.

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Counterion Effect on the Rheology and Morphology of Tailored Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Ionomers

Cited by 37 publications

References 30 publications

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

An Ionomeric Renewable Thermoplastic from Lignin‐Reinforced Rubber

Ionomers

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