Counselors' Attribution of Responsibility, Etiology, and Counseling Strategy

Kernes, Jerry L.; McWhirter, J. Jeffries

doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01975.x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The study took a gender-comparative approach (see Goldberg, 1968;Kernes & McWhirter, 2001;Kiesler, 1975;Malchon & Penner, 1981). Two hypotheses were formulated concerning how Swedish social workers, in general, assess men's and women's problems in relation to paid work and social networks and social support, respectively.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work and Social Support: Social Workers’ Assessments of Male and Female Clients’ Problems and Needs

Kullberg

2004

Affilia

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This study investigated how social workers assess single mothers' and fathers' needs in the areas of paid work and social support. It found that social workers conform to gender "heteronormative" expectations. A father's problems are assessed as being more closely linked to paid work than are a mother's, whereas a mother's problems are assessed as being related to difficulties in the area of social networks.The ways in which social welfare policy emphasizes the opportunities for men and women to share the responsibility for paid work and family life are crucial to how power is distributed between men and women in a welfare state (Bryson, 1992). One of the mainstays of social welfare policy in the Nordic welfare states, as well as in the other Western European countries, is to make it possible for both men and women to balance paid work with family and caregiving (cf. Sainsbury, 1999;Skevik, 2001). It is assumed that men's greater participation in matters involving the family can enable women to achieve the power and influence that result from a strong position in the labor market. In recent decades, several significant political initiatives have been implemented in Sweden with the aim of strengthening the position of women in the labor market and persuading men to take more active responsibility for the home and child care. Consequently, it is important to investigate how the welfare state's professions deal with these two areas.Research has shown that social workers' assessments are not always in line with the intentions of policy makers (see, e.g.. That is, the relative autonomy of the welfare state's professions vis-à-vis social policies may lead, in many cases, to the reproduction, rather than the solution, of the social problems of men and women, as has been found in research on the implementation of the goals of men's active participation in the care of

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Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work and Social Support: Social Workers’ Assessments of Male and Female Clients’ Problems and Needs

Kullberg

2004

Affilia

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“…The concept of volition is not new to the field of psychology, and most commonly refers to an individual's ability to have freedom in life choices (Lazarick, Fishbein, & Loiello, 1988). In a counseling context, research has demonstrated that therapists tend to view clients as having free will to make their own decisions (Chen, 2006;Slife & Fisher, 2000) and often view shifting the responsibility of choice away from clients as harmful (Kernes & McWhirter, 2001). However, although viewing individuals as absolute agents may be convenient, it is evident that life experiences and circumstances can significantly affect the degree to which each decision is volitional.…”

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confidence: 99%

Beyond the Self: External Influences in the Career Development Process

Duffy

Dik

2009

The Career Development Quart

186

170

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The purpose of this article is to explore the wide spectrum of external influences that affect career decision making across the life span and, in particular, how these factors may directly or indirectly alter one's career trajectory and the extent of one's work volition. Career development practitioners are encouraged to respect externally oriented frameworks, explore the social influence of career choice alternatives faced by clients, encourage clients to voice their emotional responses to external constraints, and use career decision‐making strategies that seek an optimal balance of internal and external influences.

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“…Conditioning effects of race Vignette studies have been used effectively to assess both racial prejudices (e.g., Furth et al, 2003;Kales et al, 2005;Kernes & McWhirter, 2001;Pais, Piercy, & Miller, 1998;Weisse, 2001) and negative perceptions of childlessness, yet no researchers to date have examined these questions together. Historically, the legacies of racial discrimination and economic marginalization, as well as contemporary debates about welfare reform, have problematized Black 1 fertility, particularly in conjunction with social class (see Jencks & Edin, 1995;May, 1995).…”

Section: Varying Perceptions Of Childless Adults: Research Questions mentioning

confidence: 99%

Through the Lenses of Gender, Race, and Class: Students’ Perceptions of Childless/Childfree Individuals and Couples

2007

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Earlier research has documented negative perceptions of childless couples, particularly the voluntarily childfree, among college students. In this project we used hypothetical vignettes to assess variations in students' (N= 478) perceptions of childless couples related to the couple's race, occupations of husband and wife, and assumed reasons for childlessness. Perceptions were strongly influenced by occupational status and gender, but we found few race differences. Neither infertility nor chosen childlessness was rated negatively, but couples were rated more positively if they were perceived as temporarily rather than permanently childless. Our findings suggest that delayed parenthood is regarded as normative and that students have few negative biases regarding infertility or chosen childlessness. Perceptions were strongly conditioned by economic and employment considerations, which reflect current concerns about balancing work and family trajectories.

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Counselors' Attribution of Responsibility, Etiology, and Counseling Strategy

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Work and Social Support: Social Workers’ Assessments of Male and Female Clients’ Problems and Needs

Work and Social Support: Social Workers’ Assessments of Male and Female Clients’ Problems and Needs

Beyond the Self: External Influences in the Career Development Process

Through the Lenses of Gender, Race, and Class: Students’ Perceptions of Childless/Childfree Individuals and Couples

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