Counseling expectations of clients and nonclients for group and individual treatment modes.

Abstract

The present investigation compared expectations held by male and female clients and nonclients for group and individual counseling modes. These expectations were measured by the Expectations About Counseling questionnaire (Tinsley, Workman, & Kass, 1980). Results indicated significant differences between the two modes, the sexes, and the two populations (clients and nonclients); however, no interaction effects were noted. Results are discussed in terms of how differential beliefs about group and individual counseling may affect participation rates and behaviors and how professionals may use the present results to better promote counseling services.

White Racial Identity and Expectations About Counseling

“…These observed gender differences in expectations about counseling are consistent with the findings of previous studies in which women have been found to have higher scores than men and as a result provide additional support for the belief that men and women approach the counseling relationship with different expectations (Brown, Frey, & Carpo, 1972;Kemp, 1994;Pecnik & Epperson, 1985;Subich & Coursol, 1985;Subich & Hardin, 1985;Tinsley & Harris, 1976;Tinsley, Hinson, Holt, & Tinsley 1990;Tinsley, Workman, & Kass, 1980). In fact, these findings are identical to those of Pecnik and Epperson (1 985).…”

Predicting Expectations About Counseling: Psychological Factors and Gender Implications

“…The majority of studies on client expectations about counseling have used undergraduate students drawn from psychology classes rather than actual clients. Three studies were located that used actual clients, although two of these studies still used college students (Subich & Coursol, 1985;H. E. A. Tinsley, Tokar, & Helwig, 1994) and only one of the studies used clients from the community (Satterfield et al, 1995).…”

“…Tinsley & Harris, 1976); status as a college student or client (Subich & Coursol, 1985); level of psychosocial development (D. J. Tinsley, Hinson, Holt, & Tinsley, 1990); stages of the change process (Satterfield et al, 1995); gender (H. E. A.…”

“…Some predictive factors for clients' expectations about counseling that have been studied include year in college (H. E. A. Tinsley & Harris, 1976); status as a college student or client (Subich & Coursol, 1985); level of psychosocial development (D. J. Tinsley, Hinson, Holt, & Tinsley, 1990); stages of the change process (Satterfield et al, 1995); gender (H. E. A.…”

Icelandic and American Students' Expectations About Counseling

“…Women also expect more immediacy in the counseling process than do men, whereas men expect more directiveness (Hardin & Yanico, 1983;H. E. A. Tinsley & Harris, 1976) and more self-disclosure from the counselor (Hardin & Yanico, 1983;Subich & Cursol, 1985).…”