Could sewage epidemiology be a strategy to assess lifestyle and wellness of a large scale population?

Santos, Júlia Matzenbacher dos; Jurban, Michael; Kim, Hyesook

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.020

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Wastewater monitoring is an emerging approach to surveillance and has the potential to deepen our understanding of community health. Wastewater has been shown to provide useful community-level information regarding illicit drug use, antimicrobial resistance, , signals of chronic disease, and advanced warning of viral outbreaks, , including recent efforts to detect SARS-COV-2 in wastewater . Most prominently, wastewater is used for poliovirus detection in global eradication efforts .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Environmental Exposure to Enteric Pathogens in Low-Income Settings: Review and Recommendations of an Interdisciplinary Working Group

Goddard

Ban

Barr

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Infections with enteric pathogens impose a heavy disease burden, especially among young children in low-income countries. Recent findings from randomized controlled trials of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions have raised questions about current methods for assessing environmental exposure to enteric pathogens. Approaches for estimating sources and doses of exposure suffer from a number of shortcomings, including reliance on imperfect indicators of fecal contamination instead of actual pathogens and estimating exposure indirectly from imprecise measurements of pathogens in the environment and human interaction therewith. These shortcomings limit the potential for effective surveillance of exposures, identification of important sources and modes of transmission, and evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. In this review, we summarize current and emerging approaches used to characterize enteric pathogen hazards in different environmental media as well as human interaction with those media (external measures of exposure), and review methods that measure human infection with enteric pathogens as a proxy for past exposure (internal measures of exposure). We draw from lessons learned in other areas of environmental health to highlight how external and internal measures of exposure can be used to more comprehensively assess exposure. We conclude by recommending strategies for advancing enteric pathogen exposure assessments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Environmental Exposure to Enteric Pathogens in Low-Income Settings: Review and Recommendations of an Interdisciplinary Working Group

Goddard

Ban

Barr

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Compared with research on the use of sewage epidemiology for gauging community-wide use of illicit drugs (e.g., Baker et al, 2014 ; Castiglioni, 2016 ; Daughton, 2011 ; Jones et al, 2014 ), or more recently, exposure to other anthropogenic xenobiotics such as pesticides ( Rousis et al, 2017 ), comparatively little work directly relevant to BioSCIM has been published in the 5 years since the background, underpinning, and limitations for the original concept was published ( Daughton, 2012a , 2012b ). To date, few articles have focused on the use of endogenous biomarkers for assessing community-wide health—in particular the archetype class of BioSCIM biomarkers, the isoprostanes (i.e., Chen et al, 2014 ; Gaw and Glover, 2016 ; Ryu et al, 2016 ; Ryu et al, 2015 ; Santos et al, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2015 ). Useful to note is that since 2012, significant additional progress has been published regarding the utility of isoprostanes as clinical biomarkers of disease; see the recent overviews of van’t Erve et al (2017) , Galano et al (2017) , and Milne (2017) .…”

Section: Update On Published Advancements Relevant To Bioscimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring wastewater for assessing community health: Sewage Chemical-Information Mining (SCIM)

Daughton

2018

Science of The Total Environment

158

118

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Timely assessment of the aggregate health of small-area human populations is essential for guiding the optimal investment of resources needed for preventing, avoiding, controlling, or mitigating human exposure risks, as well as for maintaining or promoting health. Seeking those interventions yielding the greatest benefit with respect to the allocation of resources is critical for making progress toward community sustainability, reducing health disparities, promoting social justice, and maintaining or improving collective health and well-being. More informative, faster, and less-costly approaches are needed for guiding investigation of cause-effect linkages involving communities and stressors originating from both the built and natural environments. One such emerging approach involves the continuous monitoring of sewage for chemicals that serve as indicators of the collective status of human health (or stress/disease) or any other facet relevant to gauging time-trends in community-wide health. This nascent approach can be referred to as Sewage Chemical-Information Mining (SCIM) and involves the monitoring of sewage for the information that resides in the form of natural and anthropogenic chemicals that enter sewers as a result of the everyday actions, activities, and behaviors of humans. Of particular interest is a specific embodiment of SCIM that would entail the targeted monitoring of a broad suite of endogenous biomarkers of key physiologic processes (as opposed to xenobiotics or their metabolites). This application is termed BioSCIM—an approach roughly analogous to a hypothetical community-wide collective clinical urinalysis, or to a hypothetical en masse human biomonitoring program. BioSCIM would be used for gauging the status or time-trends in community-wide health on a continuous basis. This paper presents an update on the progress made with the development of the BioSCIM concept in the period of time since its original publication in 2012, as well as the next steps required for its continued development.

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“…Given that the excreted IsoPs are a measure of oxidative stress, it is plausible to assume that wastewater can be used to provide a global picture of the overall oxidative stress of populations. This concept known as wastewaterbased epidemiology (WBE) or "sewage epidemiology" is based on the principle that wastewater can be regarded as a large composite urine sample from a given population (Santos et al, 2015). WBE was initially proposed to evaluate the use of substances of abuse, such as illicit drugs (Zuccato et al, 2005), and it was later extended to other such substances of abuse (alcohol and tobacco), environmental contaminants and pharmaceuticals.…”

Section: Isoprostanes As Biomarkers In Wastewater-based Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 summarizes the distribution of 8-iso-PGF 2a levels reported in Europe and North America, the only locations studied so far. Santos et al (2015) performed the first study that addressed IsoPs levels in wastewater in Detroit, Michigan (USA). The authors collected wastewater samples once from three different points in Detroit, between May and June of 2014 and detected 8-IsoP (a synonym to 15-F 2 -IsoPs) at levels between 6 and 20 ng L À1 .…”

Section: Isoprostanes As Biomarkers In Wastewater-based Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A circular toxicity approach to isoprostanes: From markers of oxidative stress, to epidemiological warning systems and agents of aquatic toxicity

Pais

Silva

Pastorinho

2018

Environmental Pollution

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Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are a class of oxidation products naturally formed in vivo that are indicative of endogenous oxidative stress. In individuals with chronic and oxidative stress related diseases, IsoPs are increased to pathological levels. Since they are excreted through urine into sewage systems, IsoPs can be detected in wastewater treatment plants' (WWTPs) effluents and thus can be used to evaluate the health status of a given population. The underlying principle is that higher isoprostanes WWTPs' levels correspond to populations undergoing higher levels of oxidative stress, and thus disease. However, IsoPs are not eliminated by WWTPs and will end up being released into the aquatic environment, where they will be available for uptake by aquatic species. Being bioactive molecules, it has been suggested that IsoPs in the environment may elicit oxidative stress in aquatic organisms. In this context, we have critically reviewed the available data on IsoPs as products and effectors of toxicity, and propose the new concept of "circular toxicity". In general, IsoPs excreted by humans as a consequence of oxidative stress are released into the aquatic environment where they may interact with aquatic organisms and induce the production of more IsoPs. These stress markers, in turn, will also be excreted, increasing the already high levels of stressors in the aquatic environment and thus create an escalating cycle of oxidative stress.

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Could sewage epidemiology be a strategy to assess lifestyle and wellness of a large scale population?

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Measuring Environmental Exposure to Enteric Pathogens in Low-Income Settings: Review and Recommendations of an Interdisciplinary Working Group

Measuring Environmental Exposure to Enteric Pathogens in Low-Income Settings: Review and Recommendations of an Interdisciplinary Working Group

Monitoring wastewater for assessing community health: Sewage Chemical-Information Mining (SCIM)

A circular toxicity approach to isoprostanes: From markers of oxidative stress, to epidemiological warning systems and agents of aquatic toxicity

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