Could medications and biologic factors affect post‐orthodontic tooth movement changes? A systematic review of animal studies

Abstract

Immediately after the removal of orthodontic appliances, the teeth might start to drift away from their corrected position in an attempt to reach a new equilibrium. Medications and biologic factors could potentially modulate these processes. The objective of the present systematic review is to systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the evidence regarding the effect of various medications and biologic factors on the rate of relapse following active tooth movement. Search without restrictions in eight databases and hand searching until April 2020 were conducted. Studies performed on animal models investigating the effects of medication and biologic factors on the rate of relapse following orthodontic tooth movement were considered. Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed. Seventeen studies were finally identified, mostly at either high or unclear risk of bias. Ketorolac did not show any significant effects on relapse, while the administration of tetracycline, atorvastatin, psoralen and raloxifene decreased it. Overall, the same result was observed with bisphosphonates with the exception of low dosage of risedronate, which did not have an effect. Osteoprotegerin and strontium resulted in reduced relapse, but not in the immediate post‐administration period. Inconsistent or conflicting effects were noted after the use of simvastatin and relaxin. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low. It can be concluded that specific medications and biologic factors may have an effect on the rate of relapse following tooth movement. The orthodontist should be knowledgeable about the substances potentially affecting retention.

Direct 3D-Printed Orthodontic Retainers. A Systematic Review

“…Other adjunctive procedures have also been reported that enhance the stability of the orthodontic result [ 66 ]. Among them, circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy and interproximal reduction are the more prevalent for the moment [ 5 ].…”

Tissue Engineering Supporting Regenerative Strategies to Enhance Clinical Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics: A Scoping, Perspective Review

“…External root resorption (ERR) is a common and unfavorable iatrogenic consequence of orthodontic tooth movement, which results in irreversible loss of root dentin and cementum. Several factors are deemed involved in ERR induction, such as individual biological variation, age, sex, genetics, and orthodontic force amount and duration [ 67 , 68 ]. There is a lack of reliable evidence and guidance for clinicians on the effectiveness of interventions used to manage ERR [ 69 ].…”

“…The traditional orthodontic treatment using FOAs may potentially lead to complications associated predominantly with periodontal structures. A wide range of FOA-related side effects was observed, ranging from gingivitis to periodontitis, fenestration, dehiscence of crestal alveolar bone, gingival recession, and “black triangles effects” [ 67 , 68 ]. Currently, evidence-based and approved treatment modalities include the surgical approach, guided tissue regeneration, bone augmentation, and the application of growth factors and bioactive molecules to induce a physiological process of regeneration if required [ 73 ].…”

Dynamics and observations of long-term orthodontic tooth movement and subsequent relapse in C57BL/6 mice

“…While many patients experience relapse, its detailed mechanism has not yet been elucidated [ 2 ]. Basic research using rats and mice has been conducted to clarify this mechanism [ 3 ].…”