Cotton Stage of Growth Determines Sensitivity to 2,4-D

Byrd, Seth A.; Collins, Guy; Culpepper, A. Stanley; Dodds, Darrin M.; Edmisten, Keith L.; Wright, David L.; Morgan, Gaylon D.; Baumann, Paul A.; Dotray, Peter A.; Manuchehri, Misha R.; Jones, A.; Grey, Timothy L.; Webster, Theodore M.; Davis, Jerry W.; Whitaker, Jared R.; Roberts, Phillip M.; Snider, John L.; Porter, Wesley

doi:10.1614/wt-d-15-00191.1

Cited by 19 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The best controls of regrowth were observed with two applications of 2,4-D, probably due to the high sensitivity of cotton plants to this herbicide (Byrd et al, 2016). Despite that, considering the mean population at harvest, about 90,000 plants ha -1 , it was observed that in the best treatments there would still be 4,410, 15,210 and 33,210 living plants ha -1 , for SHGO in 2013 and 2014, and LEM-BA 2014, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical control of stalk regrowth in glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton

Ferreira

Bogiani

Sofiatti

et al. 2018

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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Cotton stalk regrowth must be controlled after harvest to ensure the phytosanitary quality and sustainability of cotton farming systems. Mechanical destruction generally does not conform to the no-tillage system, and the control of cotton stalk regrowth by herbicides is little studied in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton stalk regrowth. The study was conducted in three environments of the Brazilian Cerrado region, two in Santa Helena de Goiás (SHGO), during 2013 and 2014, and one in Luís Eduardo Magalhães (LEM-BA) in 2014. In each of the three environments, the experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block with four replications. Each experiment consisted of different combinations of herbicides and one untreated control. Cotton stalk regrowth was influenced by the three environments. Two sequential 2,4-D amine applications, each with 1,000 g ha-1 of acid equivalent, resulted in better cotton stalk destruction, albeit with 4.9, 16.9 and 36.9% of cotton stalk regrowth in SHGO 2013 and 2014, and LEM-BA 2014, respectively. A single application of 2,4-D amine and a 2,4-D amine spraying followed by the application of carfentrazone-ethyl, paraquat, saflufenacil, paraquat + diuron or glufosinate-ammonium are not effective to control glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton stalk regrowth. The best destruction of cotton stalk regrowth occurs with two sequential applications of 2,4-D amine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical control of stalk regrowth in glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton

Ferreira

Bogiani

Sofiatti

et al. 2018

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…Upland cotton is extremely sensitivity to synthetic auxin herbicides, especially 2,4-D (Buol et al 2018(Buol et al , 2019Byrd et al 2015;Everitt and Keeling 2009). Byrd et al (2015) evaluated cotton sensitivity to 2,4-D and determined that more mature cotton was more tolerant to 2,4-D than immature cotton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicamba effects on fruiting in sensitive cotton

et al. 2020

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ABSTRACT Since the release of dicamba-tolerant cotton in 2016, preplant and POST applications of dicamba to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth have increased. With the increase in area treated with dicamba, the risk of off-target movement to non-target crops has increased. A field study was conducted at the Texas Tech University New Deal Research Farm equipped with subsurface drip irrigation in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate cotton response to dicamba when applied at four crop growth stages (first square (FS) + 2 weeks (wk), first bloom (FB), FB + 2 wk, and FB + 5 wk). Dicamba at 0.56 (1X), 0.056 (1/10X), 0.0112 (1/50X), 0.0056 (1/100X), and 0.00112 (1/500X) kg ae ha-1 was applied to FiberMax 1830GLT. When applications were made at FS + 2 wk, a shift in boll nodal position was apparent following dicamba at 1/50X in 2017 and at 1/10X in 2018 when compared to the non-treated control (NTC). A shift in boll distribution from the 1/50X rate of dicamba was apparent at FB in 2017, but not in 2018. Applications made at FB + 2 wk reduced boll number following dicamba at 1X. No change in boll number or boll position was apparent following any dicamba rate when applied at FB + 5 wk in both years. Dicamba at 1/500X, 1/100X, and 1/50X at all timings did not affect yield relative to the NTC. When dicamba was applied at 1/10X, the greatest yield loss was observed at FS + 2 wk followed by FB and FB + 2 wk. Micronaire increased following dicamba at 1/10X when applied at FS + 2 wk, FB, and FB + 2 wk in 2017. In 2018, micronaire decreased following dicamba at 1/10X when applied at FB + 5 wk.

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“…Linear regressions of plot means for all three fluorescence-based parameters measured versus yield loss compared to the NTC, were performed utilizing JMP Pro 11 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Locations were analyzed separately, as these two site years fell into different yield groups according to yield loss across all 2,4-D rates and timings compared to the non-treated [14]. At each location means from each fluorescence parameter were pooled across simulated 2,4-D rate treatments for each growth stage treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cotton is one of the most sensitive crops in terms of damage and yield loss from drift, or sub-lethal rates of 2,4-D [8,12,13]. Leaf and stem malformation, the abortion of fruiting structures, and yield loss have been observed in cotton exposed to sub-lethal rates of 2,4-D in previous simulated drift studies [12,[14][15][16][17]. Consequently, newly released technologies of 2,4-D resistant cotton (Enlist™, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA), enable post-emergence applications of 2,4-D with a choline formulation less volatile than older formulation, specifically the ester formulation [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual rating of injury symptoms have been the typical method for quantifying damage from cotton exposed to 2,4-D drift [12,15,16,17,19]; however, visual ratings of injury are not consistently correlated with yield loss [12,14]. The use of aerial video and digital imaging has also been evaluated as an indicator or predictor of herbicide injury; however, the results suggest that this method is even less accurate than visual estimates [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Parameters do not Detect Yield-limiting Injury from Sub-lethal Rates of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Byrd

Snider

Grey

et al. 2020

JEAI

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Aims: Determine if the use of novel chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters could be utilized to predict yield loss of cotton exposed to sublethal rates of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at various growth stages. Study Design: All trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatment means were subjected to analysis of variance and linear regression was utilized to determine relationship between chlorophyll a parameters and yield. Place and Duration of Study: University of Georgia Gibbs Farm in Tifton, GA, USA and the Sunbelt Agricultural Exposition in Moultrie, GA, USA during the 2013 growing season. Methodology: Two sublethal rates of 2,4-D were applied to cotton at six distinct growth stages. The rates consisted of 2 g and 40 g ae ha-1 equivalent to 1/421 and 1/21 of the full rate (0.532 kg ae ha-1), respectively. The sublethal rates were applied to cotton at six growth stages, including the four leaf, nine leaf, first bloom, two, four and six weeks after first bloom growth stages. A fluorometer was used to obtain the fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, ΦEO and PIABS from the uppermost fully expanded leaves at various intervals after 2,4-D exposure. Results: Despite yield losses ranging from 20 – 90% of the non-treated control, no consistent patterns resulted from utilizing fluorescence transients to detect 2,4-D injury and overall instances of significant difference were minimal and typically not biologically relevant. In many cases, treatments exposed to 2,4-D that exhibited yield loss showed evidence of greater photosynthetic efficiency than the non-treated control. In the majority of instances, many of fluorescence parameters measured fell within ranges observed in previous studies in cotton produced under typical or non-stressed conditions. Conclusion: While it has been proven as a valuable tool in other plant screening endeavors, chlorophyll a fluorescence were not able to detect the effects of sub-lethal rates of 2,4-D on cotton, even in instances that resulted in severe yield loss.

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Cotton Stage of Growth Determines Sensitivity to 2,4-D

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Chemical control of stalk regrowth in glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton

Chemical control of stalk regrowth in glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton

Dicamba effects on fruiting in sensitive cotton

Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Parameters do not Detect Yield-limiting Injury from Sub-lethal Rates of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

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