Cotton pollination by honeybees

Rhodes, John W.

doi:10.1071/ea01063

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Determinate or indeterminate flowering patterns likely play a role in attractiveness. For example, a single cotton flower opens at dawn, withers in the afternoon, closes by sunset and never reblooms, thereby providing only morning nectar resources for bees . The interplay of these variables also affects how bees use a crop.…”

Section: Crop‐ and Bee‐specific Variables Related To Attractivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a single cotton flower opens at dawn, withers in the afternoon, closes by sunset and never reblooms, thereby providing only morning nectar resources for bees. 20 The interplay of these variables also affects how bees use a crop. For instance, crops with relatively low attractiveness may still be, at certain times, an important source of food for bees.…”

Section: Seasonal and Daily Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar concentration in nectar: a quantitative metric of crop attractiveness for refined pollinator risk assessments

Knopper

Dan

Reisig

et al. 2016

Pest Management Science

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Those involved with pollinator risk assessment know that agricultural crops vary in attractiveness to bees. Intuitively, this means that exposure to agricultural pesticides is likely greatest for attractive plants and lowest for unattractive plants. While crop attractiveness in the risk assessment process has been qualitatively remarked on by some authorities, absent is direction on how to refine the process with quantitative metrics of attractiveness. At a high level, attractiveness of crops to bees appears to depend on several key variables, including but not limited to: floral, olfactory, visual and tactile cues; seasonal availability; physical and behavioral characteristics of the bee; plant and nectar rewards. Notwithstanding the complexities and interactions among these variables, sugar content in nectar stands out as a suitable quantitative metric by which to refine pollinator risk assessments for attractiveness. Provided herein is a proposed way to use sugar nectar concentration to adjust the exposure parameter (with what is called a crop attractiveness factor) in the calculation of risk quotients in order to derive crop‐specific tier I assessments. This Perspective is meant to invite discussion on incorporating such changes in the risk assessment process. © 2016 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Crop‐ and Bee‐specific Variables Related To Attractivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seasonal and Daily Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar concentration in nectar: a quantitative metric of crop attractiveness for refined pollinator risk assessments

Knopper

Dan

Reisig

et al. 2016

Pest Management Science

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“…This implies that plants close to the city flowered earlier than those outside of the city. Moreover, even though cotton can self-pollinate, more cotton is obtained when pollinators are present (Rhodes, 2002). The advancement in cotton planting may have implications for pollination by insects-especially bees-if the pollinating insects are not (as) available when the plants are blooming.…”

Section: Economic Ramificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of urbanization on plant flowering phenology: A review

2006

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Studies of flowering and leafing phenology have dramatically increased during the last few decades because changes in plant phenology can be indicative of possible effects of climate change at multiple scales. This article reviews the available literature focusing on the effects of urbanization on flowering phenology. The literature of flowering phenology in urban environments suggests that spring-blooming plants in a variety of ecosystems in North America, Europe, and China tend to bloom earlier in the city than in the surrounding un-urbanized habitat. Moreover, ephemerals, early spring bloomers, and insect-pollinated plants in these environments tend to be more sensitive than perennials, mid-or late-spring bloomers, and wind-pollinated plants. Researchers attribute advanced flowering in urban environments to the Heat Island Effect. The potential ecological consequences of changes in flowering phenology in urbanized areas are not well understood or explicitly studied. However, studies in global biology have suggested that climate change may result in a series of important ecological consequences as well as human-related problems such as earlier and extended allergy seasons. More field-based studies are needed to elucidate this issue.

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“…Photo credit: K. E. LeVan. Moreover, bee pollination (Waller et al 1985), especially by honey bees (Rhodes 2002) and bumble bees (Berger et al 1988, Van Deynze et al 2005, can enhance reproduction in cotton up to 38% (Delaplane and Mayer 2000). Previous work has demonstrated that interactions between the cotton aphid and the imported red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) increase cotton reproduction because fire ants consume nonaphid herbivores that are more damaging to cotton compared to aphids (Styrsky and Eubanks 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ant–aphid interactions increase ant floral visitation and reduce plant reproduction via decreased pollinator visitation

LeVan

Holway

2015

Ecology

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For plant species that depend on animal-mediated pollination, reproduction hinges on adequate access to pollinators. Even in the presence of intact pollinator assemblages, negative interactions among floral visitors can compromise pollination services. Ants, for example, visit flowers and can discourage visitation by other insects, but usually do not perform pollination themselves. Effects on plant reproduction that result from this type of interaction may be compounded by factors that increase the likelihood or extent of floral visitation by ants. Interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects alter the activity and local abundance of ants on plants, but the degree to which these interactions increase floral visitation by ants and in turn disrupt pollination services remains incompletely understood. We manipulated the abundance of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii ) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) over three years to test how the interaction between honeydewproducing aphids and the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) affects floral visitation by ants, floral visitation by bees, and seed production. Increasing aphid abundance increased ant abundance on cotton plants, and floral visitation by ants was positively related to ant abundance on leaves. The duration of visits by honey bees, the most common floral visitor aside from ants, declined with both increasing aphid abundance and increasing ant floral visitation. Two measures of seed production declined with increasing aphid abundance and reductions in the duration of bee visits. Aphid herbivory alone, however, did not affect seed production, which was independent of aphid abundance on plants that were manually crosspollinated under greenhouse conditions. Our results illustrate that interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects can enhance levels of floral visitation by ants and in turn disrupt pollination services enough to have measurable effects on plant reproduction.

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Cotton pollination by honeybees

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Sugar concentration in nectar: a quantitative metric of crop attractiveness for refined pollinator risk assessments

Sugar concentration in nectar: a quantitative metric of crop attractiveness for refined pollinator risk assessments

Effects of urbanization on plant flowering phenology: A review

Ant–aphid interactions increase ant floral visitation and reduce plant reproduction via decreased pollinator visitation

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