Cotton Guard Rope in Swimming Pools as Source of Colon‐Aerogenes Group

Leahy, H. W.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1932.tb18095.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Evidence that some coliforms may multiply in water has been reported by a number of workers, including Caldwell and Parr (1933), Leahy (1932) and Mallmann (1928). In each instance the increase occurred in the presence of organic matter such as cotton string, rope, leather gasket, or material collected on a filter.…”

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confidence: 96%

Bacterial Indicators of Pollution in Surface Waters1

Leininger¹,

McCleskey²

1953

Applied Microbiology

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BACTERIAL POLLUTION IN SURFACE WATERS use, and it grows readily at temperatures usually employed for incubation of sterility tests. This culture has been used in a manner comparable to that employed by Brewer in control of powders and oils (Brewer 1949, Long 1942). SUMMARY A heat-resistant, spore-forming microorganism identified as Clostridium sporogenes has been isolated from cotton. The microorganism is suggested for the deliberate contamination of equipment to serve as an indicator of the efficiency of sterilization techniques. REFERENCES BREWER, JOHN H. 1947 Problems involved in the sterility testing of nonaqueous pharmaceutical preparations.

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confidence: 96%

Bacterial Indicators of Pollution in Surface Waters1

Leininger¹,

McCleskey²

1953

Applied Microbiology

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“…"Pump infection," and paper and wood pulp. It is well established that coliform bacteria grow well on leathers and other organic pump-parts, on swimming-pool ropes, and in pipe slime (24,87,1,144). The growth of these bacteria in water distribution systems, of course, affects the analysis of the water.…”

Section: Bergeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coliform Bacteria

Parr¹

1939

Bacteriological Reviews

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The oldest members of the coliform group of bacteria, as the reviewer conceives it, are Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Friedlinder's bacillus, described in 1882, and K. rhinoscleromatis, which v.Fritsch recorded the same year. Next come Escherichia coli and Aerobacter aerogenes, both of which were ushered into the bacteriological world in 1885 by Escherich. Somewhat younger is A. cloacae, described in 1890 by Jordan. Proteus morgani, the problem child of the group, dates from 1908 and the juveniles are E. freundii, recorded in Braak's Delft thesis of 1928, and K. paralytica, the etiological agent of "moose disease," described in 1932 by Cahn, Wallace, and Thomas. These are the principal members of the coliform group as listed in the fifth edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (12), a great simplification of the genera Escherichia, Aerobacter and Klebsiella given in the fourth edition (1934) 1 on September 22, 2020 by guest http://mmbr.asm.org/ Downloaded from LELAND W. PARR which contained 35 species. In the latest edition these three genera comprise but ten species.1 With this simplification we are in heartiest accord, but the problem has several aspects. Among them, the principle of simplification, or "lumping," as Skinner and Brudnoy (149) term it, must be defended. The inclusion of the genus Klebsiella2 with the coliform bacteria has to be explained. To claim the Morgan bacillus as a coliform organism will require justification. The broadening of the concept of Escherichia coli to include such forms as E. coli-mutabile and the paracolon bacilli which ferment lactose slowly or not at all is a new development and there are many who will want to know how the "coli-aerogenes intermediates" (180, 165, 25, 123) are classified and why. THE TERM "COLIFORM" The term "coliform" has long been in use by British bacteriologists (4, 23, 59, 92, 100, 132, 133, 160). In America, Breed and Norton (16) suggested the term to describe the lactosefermenting bacteria used as a measure of the pollution of water. In 1937 H. E. Jordan advised that as Editor of the Journal of the American Water Works Association his policy would be to substitute "coliform" bacteria for "B. coli" or "colon group" in papers submitted to him (70). As Jordan also stated, the term "coli-aerogenes" continues as official in water analysis since the eighth edition of Standard Methods of Water Analysis (157) uses it. And "Escherichia-Aerobacter" is also official since that is the terminology employed in the sixth edition of Standard Methods of Milk Analysis (156). SEPARATION OF FRIEDLANDER GROUP FROM OTHER COLIFORM BACTERIA As noted above, the first members of the coliform group to be described were Klebsiella pneumoniae, from acute fibrinous 1The other three species are Klebsiella ozaenae, described by Abel in 1893; K. granulomatis of AragAs and Vianna (1912); and K. capsulata recorded in 1889 by Pfeiffer.

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“…Evidence that coliform organisms multiply in waters containing organic matter has been reported by a number of workers, including Caldwell and Parr (1), Leahy (2), and Mallmann (3). However, there appears to be more evidence that the coliform index decreases rapidly during storage of samples, even during s1torage at low temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%