Cotton Embryogenesis: The Early Development of the Free Nuclear Endosperm

Schulz, Patricia; Jensen, William A.

doi:10.2307/2441767

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…4B). Developing cotton seed is known to develop nuclear-type endosperm, in which the initial endosperm nucleus divides repeatedly without cell wall formation in early stages, before they become cellularized at approximately 10 DAA Schulz and Jensen, 1977;Ruan et al, 2008). Toluidine blue staining revealed a number of nuclei located at the chalazal end of the embryo sac ( Fig.…”

Section: Cloning Of a Cotton Cwin Cdna That Is Highly Expressed In Dementioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into Roles of Cell Wall Invertase in Early Seed Development Revealed by Comprehensive Spatial and Temporal Expression Patterns of GhCWIN1 in Cotton

Wang

Ruan

2012

Plant Physiology

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Despite substantial evidence on the essential roles of cell wall invertase (CWIN) in seed filling, it remains largely unknown how CWIN exerts its regulation early in seed development, a critical stage that sets yield potential. To fill this knowledge gap, we systematically examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of a major CWIN gene, GhCWIN1, in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seeds from prefertilization to prestorage phase. GhCWIN1 messenger RNA was abundant at the innermost seed coat cell layer at 5 d after anthesis but became undetectable at 10 d after anthesis, at the onset of its differentiation into transfer cells characterized by wall ingrowths, suggesting that CWIN may negatively regulate transfer cell differentiation. Within the filial tissues, GhCWIN1 transcript was detected in endosperm cells undergoing nuclear division but not in those cells at the cellularization stage, with similar results observed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) endosperm for CWIN, AtCWIN4. These findings indicate a function of CWIN in nuclear division but not cell wall biosynthesis in endosperm, contrasting to the role proposed for sucrose synthase (Sus). Further analyses revealed a preferential expression pattern of GhCWIN1 and AtCWIN4 in the provascular region of the torpedo embryos in cotton and Arabidopsis seed, respectively, indicating a role of CWIN in vascular initiation. Together, these novel findings provide insights into the roles of CWIN in regulating early seed development spatially and temporally. By comparing with previous studies on Sus expression and in conjunction with the expression of other related genes, we propose models of CWIN-and Sus-mediated regulation of early seed development.

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Section: Cloning Of a Cotton Cwin Cdna That Is Highly Expressed In Dementioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into Roles of Cell Wall Invertase in Early Seed Development Revealed by Comprehensive Spatial and Temporal Expression Patterns of GhCWIN1 in Cotton

Wang

Ruan

2012

Plant Physiology

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“…In addition, acellulosic wall structure appears in the endospermic cytoplasm; Marinos suggested that this might be involved in the precise positioning of the embryo within the embryo sac and in the control of nutrient transfer to the embryo. Similarly, in sunflower (Newcomb and Steeves, 1971), cotton (Schulz and Jensen, 1977), and alfalfa (Sangduen et al, 1983), the inner wall of the embryo sac produces wall invaginations, which appear to be specialized transfer structures, into the endosperm.…”

Section: Relationships Between Endosperm Embryo and Maternal Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosperm Origin, Development, and Function

Lopes¹

1993

The Plant Cell

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“…Ultrastructural studies have shown the presence of plastids, often with starch, in one or more of the different cells found in the mature megagametophyte-egg, synergids, central and antipodal cells-in a number of diverse species (e.g. among others, Cass & Karas, 1974;Jensen, 1965;Newcomb, 1973;Schulz & Jensen, 1973, 1977Sehgal & Gifford, 1979;van Went, 1970). Some traditional observations of megagametophytes via stained thick sections published since the reviews have shown starch to occur in additional species (as Cornus: Chopra & Kaur, 1965; Sedum: Subramanyam, 1967, and others), but many more studies have made no reference to the presence of starch.…”

Section: Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of ovule, megagametophyte and early endosperm in representative species of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae)

Palser

Philipson

Philipson³

1989

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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PALSER, B. F., PHILIPSON, W. R. & PHILIPSON, M. N., 1989. Development of ovule, megagametophyte and early endosperm in Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae). Complete development of ovule, megagametophyte and early endosperm is compared for 15 species (almost complete for four additional species) representing all subgenera and most sections of Rhododendron. In all the ovule is anatropous, unitegmic, tenuinucellate with the lateral and micropylar nucellus disintegrating completely. The integument has a tanniniferous epidermis, starch around egg apparatus and micropyle, an endothelium and hypostase. Differences occur in time of closure of the micropyle and its final length, total proportion of ovule occupied by gametophyte and by formation of ovule tails only in section Vireya. Megagametophyte development follows the Polygonum pattern in all species. A single archesporial cell becomes the megaspore mother cell directly, and the chalazal spore of a linear tetrad functions. Between the eight‐nucleate stage and maturity the micropylar end of the gametophyte elongates into the micropyle. Starch is characteristically present in the mature central cell. The pollen tube penetrates porogamously and double fertilization is rapid. Endosperm development starts promptly and is cellular, first forming a linear row of four cells. The zygote elongates slightly but does not divide during the stages followed. Differences may occur in time of enlargement, orientation of some mitoses, some cellular characteristics, amount of starch present and final size of megagametophyte. Rare abnormalities occur.

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Cotton Embryogenesis: The Early Development of the Free Nuclear Endosperm

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

New Insights into Roles of Cell Wall Invertase in Early Seed Development Revealed by Comprehensive Spatial and Temporal Expression Patterns of GhCWIN1 in Cotton

New Insights into Roles of Cell Wall Invertase in Early Seed Development Revealed by Comprehensive Spatial and Temporal Expression Patterns of GhCWIN1 in Cotton

Endosperm Origin, Development, and Function

Development of ovule, megagametophyte and early endosperm in representative species of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae)

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