Cotinine excretion (tobacco smoke biomarker) of smokers and non-smokers: comparison of GC/MS and RIA results

Asthma Attack Associated with Oxidative Stress by Exposure to ETS and PAH

“…The level of cotinine, a stable metabolite of nicotine, was measured in the urine by radioimmunoassay to estimate the exposure to ETS (12,13).…”

Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum by means of LC/MS

“…Many analytical methods have been used for the analysis of nicotine and cotinine: GC/MS [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], LC/MS [11][12][13][14][15] and LC/UV [16][17][18][19]. These methods utilize liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction (SPE) for sample preparation.…”

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of nicotine metabolites

“…However, GC and LC are not always suitable for all types of situations because both of these methods require expensive equipment, skilled operators, and large amounts of samples [1,[4][5][6][7]. In addition, both GC and MS are lengthy procedures, which is a particular disadvantage for high-throughput screening.…”

“…Therefore, alternative analytical procedures, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), may be useful when large numbers of samples need to be analyzed rapidly or when suitable chromatographic equipment is unavailable. A number of reports have already suggested the advantages of immunoassay systems [6][7][8][9], however, relatively little information is available on such systems in terms of, for example, cross-reactivity or their merits and disadvantages. Here, we have validated a commercially available competitive ELISA as a biological monitor of exposure to tobacco smoke using 113 urine specimens from children.…”