Mental health visits went down 25 percent when a large behavioral health care firm changed the way it contracts with providers.by Meredith B. Rosenthal ABSTRACT: While policymakers have expressed concern over the impact of risk sharing with providers on treatment patterns, the literature lacks decisive evidence on which to base policy. This paper evaluates the impact of a contracting change within a managed behavioral health organization from a fee-for-service system to a case-rate system with utilization management delegated to providers. The contracting change resulted in a 25 percent reduction in mental health visits per episode. This effect varies with the dollar amount of the case rate and is more pronounced for providers with a larger share of revenue from risk contracts and with intensive utilization management programs.W id e sp re ad cha ng es in t h e w a ys in which managed care organizations contract with providers have led to concerns about the impact of provider risk bearing on treatment choices. In particular, the locus of clinical management and financial responsibility has shifted away from health plans toward provider organizations.In behavioral health the transfer to providers of financial risk and the accompanying responsibility for managing care is still emerging. Recent evaluations of carve-outs to managed behavioral health organizations (MBHOs) indicate the reliance of these entities on more traditional cost-control methods such as preauthorization and closed networks.1 However, some risk sharing with behavioral health care providers is beginning to occur. For example, in 1997, 14 percent of psychiatrists participated in capitation contracts.2 The proliferation of new behavioral health care organizations analogous to physician practice management (PPM) companies may be further evidence that risk sharing in behavioral health is on the rise. Through a variety of organizational forms, psychiatric PPMs (PPPMs) provide the necessary scale and skills that behavioral health care providers need to accept delegated contracts. Although most public and private payers have remained skeptical about downstream contracting between MBHOs and providers,