Costs and financing of routine immunization: Approach and selected findings of a multi-country study (EPIC)

Brenzel, Logan; Young, David; Walker, Damian

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.066

Cited by 66 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As for sources of financing, the majority of available financing (58%) was projected to come from country governments. This finding is similar to that found in a recent multi-country study of routine immunization financing (EPIC) and analysis of cMYP data [1], [41], [42]. While this supports the GVAP principles to promote country ownership in national immunization programs, additional government funds may be necessary both to reduce the funding gap and reliance on support from Gavi and other development partners [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Funding gap for immunization across 94 low- and middle-income countries

Ozawa

Grewal

Portnoy

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Funding gap for immunization across 94 low- and middle-income countries

Ozawa

Grewal

Portnoy

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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“…This study was part of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's EPI Costing and Financial Flows (EPIc) project, a study of the cost and financing of national immunization programs in six countries. Research teams in the EPIc network developed common methodological guidance and actively worked to harmonize their studies with this guidance [7]. This article reports the total and unit costs of routine immunization delivery in Honduras in 2011 and describes these costs in the context of programmatic performance and efficiency.…”

Section: Concern About Growing Costs Has Triggered An Interest In Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the cost of delivering routine immunization in Honduras

Janusz

Castañeda-Orjuela

Aguilera

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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“…The estimation of funding for salaries was outside the scope of this work, given the required level of effort to estimate and apportion staff time to immunization service provision, within a setting of integrated service delivery. Fortunately, a previous costing study made good effort in estimating Government's contribution to salaries for immunization service delivery for the year 2010/11 [14]. In this study, we used GOU's contribution to support immunization (salaried labor and PHC funds) estimated by the EPIC study and adjusted the estimates for inflation.…”

Section: Estimation Of Government Of Uganda's Support At Sub-nationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uganda’s Increasing Dependence On Development Partner Support For Immunization – A Five Year Resource Tracking Study (2012 – 2016)

Kamya

Abewe

Waiswa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background There are persistent weaknesses in obtaining accurate reliable and complete data on local and external investments in immunization and yet these are critical to estimate costs, resource needs and gaps so as to aid country financing, planning and resource mobilization. This study aimed to measure and describe the financial envelope for immunization activities and conduct an expenditure analysis at district level. Methods The Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011 methodology was used to quantify and map out the resource envelope for immunization. Data were collected at national and district levels from public and external sources of immunization through key informant interviews coupled with document reviews. Data were coded (SHA), categorized and disaggregated to allow for greater detail on the types of immunization activities. Financing methodology used was largely drawn from Guthrie et al, 2015. Results Over a five-year period, funding for immunization has increased fourfold from US$20.4 million in 2012 to US$ 85.6 million in 2016. The increase in the resource envelope is attributed to the lift of the ban of Gavi funding to Uganda as well as new vaccine introduction. Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance became the biggest contributor (59%) in 2015 and 2016 with 66% of the funds managed by National Medical Stores. Eighty percent of the resources are spent on facility-based routine immunization which includes expenditure on human resources and immunization outreaches. At district level, the overall proportion of total funding to immunization was 15% of their Primary Health Care (PHC) Grant. The bulk (82%) of the PHC funds were spent on supervision to lower health centers (transport and distribution of vaccines) while majority (51%) development partner funds were spent on routine immunization activities (vaccine collection and per-diems/allowances to support outreaches). Conclusion The increasing dependence on development partner support raises issues around sustainability alongside other challenges like misalignment and displacement This warrants an increase in financial commitment to immunization by Government of Uganda, prioritization of resources for immunization at district level, and also operationalization of the existing financial sustainability plan for immunization.

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Costs and financing of routine immunization: Approach and selected findings of a multi-country study (EPIC)

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

Funding gap for immunization across 94 low- and middle-income countries

Funding gap for immunization across 94 low- and middle-income countries

Examining the cost of delivering routine immunization in Honduras

Uganda’s Increasing Dependence On Development Partner Support For Immunization – A Five Year Resource Tracking Study (2012 – 2016)

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