Costs and Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Motor Vehicle–Related Injuries and Deaths: Supplement to Tool Documentation

Abstract

Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/TL144z2Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark.iii PrefaceIn December 2015, RAND Corporation researchers produced an online tool called the Motor Vehicle Prioritizing Interventions and Cost Calculator for States (MV PICCS) for the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The purpose of this tool, which is available to the public at www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/calculator/ (CDC, 2015), is to support states and local communities in making evidence-based resource allocation decisions relating to the implementation of effective evidence-based interventions for preventing motor vehicle-related injury.In 2017, the team completed an update to the tool as part of a project led by the National Governors Association, funded by CDC, to work with states and governors' offices to strengthen strategies to reduce highway and traffic injuries and fatalities. The work includes updates to some of the data used, updates to some of the assumptions and methods to derive the data, and a full redesign of the user interface of the tool. This report documents which data, assumptions, and methods we updated. The audience for this report is the users of the online tool, state and local health and safety officials seeking information on the effectiveness and costs of the 14 motor vehicle injury prevention interventions included in MV PICCS.The more complete documentation, which includes discussion of how we selected interventions for inclusion in the tool and how we programmed the tool, is available in Ringel et al., 2015. RAND researchers have also undertaken related work that used the data in the tool to conduct policy analyses of traffic safety spending. This work was sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The main report is Ecola, Batorsky, and Ringel, 2015. Fou...

Road environment characteristics and fatal crash injury during the rush hour period in the U.S.: Model testing and nested analytical study

“…We demonstrated that counties located in states identified in this study serve as clusters and hotspots for fatal crash events during the rush hour after adjusting for environmental and county characteristics. Earlier studies have reported increased crash fatality rates in similar states (Ecola et al, 2018;National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2018).…”

“…Prioritizing intervention by states is not a novel approach to reducing fatal crash injury. There have been reports urging state-specific interventions towards specific risk factors associated with fatal crash events (Ecola et al, 2015; Ecola et al, 2018). Since each state within the U.S. is responsible for enacting policies and implementing crash prevention programs (Ecola et al, 2015), the need for tools that will guide decisions and policymakers on prioritization is needed.…”

Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Distracted Pedestrian Intervention

“…A rich literature confirms the benefits of policies designed to prevent distracted drivingsuch as bans on texting while driving -in terms of preventing fatalities and injuries (Ferdinand et al, 2019;Ferdinand et al, 2015). Such information, in turn, permits calculating the costs and effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent motor vehicle injuries (Ecola et al, 2018).…”

A Longitudinal Examination of Decisions to Ride and Decline Rides with Drinking Drivers

“…While the overall number of alcohol‐impaired car crashes has decreased in the past 20 years, the annual number of fatalities and injuries has remained stagnant since 2009 (NHTSA, 2017a). To address this major public health problem, intervention and public health efforts have focused on diminishing the number of alcohol‐drinking drivers (Ecola et al., ; Goodwin et al., ). By comparison, far less attention has been directed to passengers who ride with drinking drivers (RWDD).…”