A Longitudinal Examination of Decisions to Ride and Decline Rides with Drinking Drivers

Abstract

Results provide evidence that willingness to RWDD is a predictor of future RWDD, even if students intend to use safe alternatives. Future research is needed to better understand decision-making factors that influence Decline. Results also suggest prevention and interventions efforts, such as brief motivational intervention, Parent-Based Interventions, and normative feedback interventions could be adapted to reduce RWDD.

Alcohol's Role in Sexual Decision Making in First-Year College Women: An Event-Level Assessment

“…Students received mailed prenotification and email invitation letters describing the study and containing a URL for the brief web-based screening survey. Approximately 58% (n = 436) completed the screening, resulting in a response rate comparable to other studies using similar methods in a first-year college sample (e.g., Hultgren et al, 2018). Over half of the enrolled students met eligibility criteria (54%; n = 235; i.e., having at least a 4G network smartphone and reporting consuming 4 or more drinks on at least one occasion in the past month).…”

“…In the current study, we aimed to expand the literature on alcohol- and sex-related decision making in several ways. First, researchers examining decision-making processes tend to examine associations between intentions and willingness measured at one-time point, with behavioral outcomes measured a month to several months later (e.g., Hultgren et al, 2018). Other researchers have examined event-level sexual decision making, but they often include retrospective recall of single events (e.g., most recent sexual encounter; Brown & Vanable, 2007) or occur in an experimental alcohol administration setting, where they may lack ecological validity (Scott-Sheldon et al, 2016).…”

“…Several theoretical frameworks explore students' decisions to engage in various risky and health-promoting behaviors (Glanz et al, 2015). Studies examining decisions to engage in risky sexual behaviors and protective behaviors during and after drinking have shown the benefit of using a dualprocess approach (e.g., Hultgren et al, 2018;Scaglione et al, 2022;Wicki et al, 2018). This approach includes both a planned or reasoned pathway that functions through behavioral intentions (Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010) and a socially and emotionally reactive pathway that functions through behavioral willingness (Gibbons et al, 2020).…”

“…Intention involves setting a deliberate goal to engage in a behavior, whereas willingness involves an openness to engage in a behavior if the social conditions support it (Gibbons et al, 2020). Longitudinal studies examining alcohol-related decision making in college students demonstrate that intentions and willingness tend to be correlated; however, when examined simultaneously, they have unique effects on behavioral outcomes (Hultgren et al, 2015(Hultgren et al, , 2018. Both intentions and willingness to "hook up" or have casual sex have been positively associated with engaging in sexual behavior in studies of adolescents and young adults (e.g., Buhi & Goodson, 2007;Fielder et al, 2013;Garcia & Reiber, 2008;Gerrard et al, 2006;Sizemore & Olmstead, 2017).…”