Costing an international public good: the case of the Baltic Sea

Understanding the distribution of economic benefits from improving coastal and marine ecosystems

“…Eutrophication occurs because of excess nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to waterbodies from 33 detergents, fertilizers, livestock wastes and sewage. The economic value of reductions in eutrophication 1 has been measured in the Stockholm archipelago of Sweden (Söderqvist and Scharin, 2000) and in 2 Lithuania, Poland and Sweden (Markowska and Żylicz, 1999), as well as over the entire Baltic area 3 (Ahtiainen et al, 2014). All these studies employ the contingent valuation method to evaluate various 4 improvement scenarios related to reduced eutrophication.…”

Nutrient Reductions to the Baltic Sea: Ecology, Costs and Benefits

“…See Markowska and Zylicz (1996) for details. These pioneering CVM studies for formerly centrally planned economies employed various valuation scenarios, elicitation methods and survey methods.…”

Assessing Non-market Benefits of Seagrass Restoration in the Gulf of Gdańsk

“…When it comes to benefits of the coastal environment that are not traded in markets, the contingent valuation method (Carson and Hanemann, 2005) has been used to value changes in water quality (Freeman, 1995) and environmental damage caused by eutrophication (Le Goffe, 1995 andMarkowska andŻylicz, 1999). Despite the lack of stated preference studies focusing exclusively on seagrass, a considerable number of studies value one or more of the non-market benefits investigated in the present study.…”