Cost of asthma in children: A nationwide, population‐based, cost‐of‐illness study

Ferreira-Magalhães, Manuel; Amaral, Rita; Pereira, Ana Margarida; Sá‐Sousa, Ana; Azevedo, Inês; Azevedo, Luís Filipe; Fonseca, João

doi:10.1111/pai.12772

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Usually, asthma-related costs are classified into direct, indirect and intangible costs (Figure 2 ). Direct costs generally account for 50–80% of the total costs and include: disease management (e.g., outpatient visits, visits to emergency services, hospital admission, medications), complementary investigations or treatment and other costs (e.g., assistance in home care, transportation to medical visits) ( 54 , 55 ). In children and adolescents with asthma the number of outpatient visits as well as the number of visits to emergency services is higher than in non-asthmatics, increasing according to the disease severity degree ( 56 ).…”

Section: Socio-economic Cost Of Childhood Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Burden of Pediatric Asthma

2018

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Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, imposing a consistent burden on health system. In recent years, prevalence of asthma symptoms became globally increased in children and adolescents, particularly in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Host (genetics, atopy) and environmental factors (microbial exposure, exposure to passive smoking and air pollution), seemed to contribute to this trend. The increased prevalence observed in metropolitan areas with respect to rural ones and, overall, in industrialized countries, highlighted the role of air pollution in asthma inception. Asthma accounts for 1.1% of the overall global estimate of “Disability-adjusted life years” (DALYs)/100,000 for all causes. Mortality in children is low and it decreased across Europe over recent years. Children from LMICs particularly suffer a disproportionately higher burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. Global asthma-related costs are high and are usually are classified into direct, indirect and intangible costs. Direct costs account for 50–80% of the total costs. Asthma is one of the main causes of hospitalization which are particularly common in children aged < 5 years with a prevalence that has been increased during the last two decades, mostly in LMICs. Indirect costs are usually higher than in older patients, including both school and work-related losses. Intangible costs are unquantifiable, since they are related to impairment of quality of life, limitation of physical activities and study performance. The implementation of strategies aimed at early detect asthma thus providing access to the proper treatment has been shown to effectively reduce the burden of the disease.

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Section: Socio-economic Cost Of Childhood Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Burden of Pediatric Asthma

2018

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“…Asthma is a chronic airway condition affecting approximately 10% of children in the European Union (EU) and North America, with an even higher prevalence observed in some other areas, such as South America . Asthma comprises a serious personal, familial, and global economic burden, including school and employment absences, hospital care, and drug expenditures . To an even greater extent than has been observed for adult patients with asthma, considerable variation in pediatric asthma severity, natural disease history, clinical phenotype, and response to therapy can exist between patients, establishing asthma as a condition with significant heterogeneity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Asthma comprises a serious personal, familial, and global economic burden, including school and employment absences, hospital care, and drug expenditures. 5,6 To an even greater extent than has been observed for adult patients with asthma, considerable variation in pediatric asthma severity, natural disease history, clinical phenotype, and response to therapy can exist between patients, establishing asthma as a condition with significant heterogeneity. 7 Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of this condition, and the availability and current development of novel medications for the treatment of asthma, many asthma patients remain uncontrolled, which imposes a significant ongoing burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric asthma: An unmet need for more effective, focused treatments

Papadopoulos

Čustović

Cabana

et al. 2018

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Background Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of asthma, there are still several unmet needs associated with the management of pediatric asthma. Methods A two‐day, face‐to‐face meeting was held in London, United Kingdom, on October 28 and 29, 2017, involving a group of international expert clinicians and scientists in asthma management to discuss the challenges and unmet needs that remain to be addressed in pediatric asthma. Results These unmet needs include a lack of clinical efficacy and safety evidence, and limited availability of non‐steroid‐based alternative therapies in patients <6 years of age. An increased focus on children is needed in the context of clinical practice guidelines for asthma; current pediatric practice relies mostly on extrapolations from adult recommendations. Furthermore, no uniform definition of pediatric asthma exists, which hampers timely and robust diagnosis of the condition in affected patients. Conclusions There is a need for a uniform definition of pediatric asthma, clearly distinguishable from adult asthma. Furthermore, guidelines which provide specific treatment recommendations for the management of pediatric asthma are also needed. Clinical trials and real‐world evidence studies assessing anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) therapies and other monoclonal antibodies in children <6 years of age with asthma may provide further information regarding the most appropriate treatment options in these vulnerable patients. Early intervention with anti‐IgE and non‐steroid‐based alternative therapies may delay disease progression, leading to improved clinical outcomes.

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“…In Portugal, the global asthma prevalence is 6.8% [ 13 ], while a prevalence of 9.56% was found for the 0 to 7 year age group [ 14 ]. Childhood asthma in Portugal costs over €150 million per year (0.9% of the healthcare expenditure), corresponding to more than €900 per child [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Volatile Organic Compound Exposure and Its Association with Wheezing in Children under 36 Months: A Cross-Sectional Study in South Lisbon, Portugal

Santos

Gregório

Castanheira

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Air quality and other environmental factors are gaining importance in public health policies. Some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been associated with asthma and symptoms of respiratory disease such as wheezing. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of Total VOCs and assess their possible association with the occurrence of wheezing episodes in children under 36 months of age, in a region south of Lisbon, Portugal. A cross-sectional study was performed from October 2015 to March 2016. The sample of children under 36 months of age was selected by convenience, by inviting parents to take part in the study. A survey was applied to collect information on bedroom features, as well as to verify the occurrence of wheezing episodes. The indoor air quality parameters of bedrooms were measured using three 3M Quest® EVM-7 environmental monitors. In total, 34.4% of infants had had wheezing episodes since birth, with 86.7% of these presenting at least one episode in the previous 12 months. Total VOC levels were above the reference values in 48% of the analyzed bedrooms. No significant association of VOC exposure in a domestic setting with episodes of wheezing was found. However, children living in households with smokers were 4 times more likely to develop wheezing episodes. Thus, this study provides relevant information that warrants further studies to assess infant exposure to indoor air pollution and parental smoking in a residential context.

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Cost of asthma in children: A nationwide, population‐based, cost‐of‐illness study

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

The Burden of Pediatric Asthma

The Burden of Pediatric Asthma

Pediatric asthma: An unmet need for more effective, focused treatments

Exploring Volatile Organic Compound Exposure and Its Association with Wheezing in Children under 36 Months: A Cross-Sectional Study in South Lisbon, Portugal

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