Cost-effectiveness of integrating methadone maintenance and antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive drug users in Vietnam's injection-driven HIV epidemics

Willingness to pay for methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnamese epicentres of injection-drug-driven HIV infection

“…[10][11][12] Second, the pilot MMT programme in Viet Nam was proven to be a cost-effective component of HIV prevention and treatment services. 11,13,14 Third, it will cost approximately US$ 97 million to reach the national target of 65% MMT Objective Willingness to pay for methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in three Vietnamese epicentres of injection-drug-driven human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was assessed. Methods A convenience sample of 1016 patients receiving HIV treatment in seven clinics was enrolled during 2012.…”

Opioid pharmacotherapy: Treatment, regimes, constructions and control

“…Meanwhile, evidence on the impact of MMT on health utility (preference-based HRQOL), an integral part of the quality-adjusted life years, is still very limited (Feeny, 2000). Moreover, in a systematic review of 22 economic evaluations of MMT, the author found no studies investigating the changes in healthcare service utilization and out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure in the presence of MMT (Alistar, Owens, & Brandeau, 2011;Barnett, 1999aBarnett, , 1999bBarnett & Hui, 2000;Barnett, Zaric, & Brandeau, 2001;Dijkgraaf et al, 2005;Doran, 2005;Doran et al, 2003;French, 2001;Hartz et al, 1999;Masson et al, 2004;Mojtabai & Zivin, 2003;Negrin & Vazquez-Polo, 2006;Shanahan et al, 2006;Sindelar, Olmstead, & Peirce, 2007;Tran et al, 2012bVanagas, Padaiga, & Bagdonas, 2010;Wammes et al, 2012;Warren et al, 2006;Xing et al, 2012;Zaric, Barnett, & Brandeau, 2000).…”

“…Since 2008, the Ministry of Health has piloted the first national opioid substitution therapy program using methadone, and subjecting to cover 80,000 drug users by 2015 (Tran et al, 2012a. Findings of previous works that evaluated the pilot MMT program have been made available (Tran et al, 2012a(Tran et al, , 2012b. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of MMT on health utility, health care utilization, and OOP health expenditure among HIV-positive drug users using a post-evaluation design with a propensity score matched control group.…”

“…Patients were asked about any expenses that had been incurred during their illness, including (a) medical expenditures (non ARV medications, lab tests, hospital fees, and others) and (b) non-medical expenditures (transportations, accommodation, and special meals if any) (Tran et al, 2012c). It is important to notice that during the period of this study, patients were provided ART and MMT services free-of-charge, and these service costs are presented elsewhere (Tran et al, 2012b). The scope of this cost analysis included all OOP expenses paid by the patients, and excluded those expenses subsidized by the National HIV/AIDS programs or other projects financed by international donors.…”

Evaluation of the integrated clinic model for HIV/AIDS services in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, 2013–2014

“…6 A recent study in Viet Nam suggested that integrating MMT and ART services is cost-effective. 7 Seven districts in HCMC began and completed the integration of services from October 2013 through June 2014 (Table 1). The integration of three services (VCT, OPC and MMT) occurred in four districts, while only VCT and OPC services were integrated at three sites where no co-located MMT services were offered.…”