Willingness to pay for methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnamese epicentres of injection-drug-driven HIV infection

Tran, Bach Xuan

doi:10.2471/blt.12.115147

Cited by 30 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Normally, people with higher income are willing to pay more [41,42]. Notably, when analyzing the data more deeply for the frequency of having HIV-test according to levels of income (data not shown), we observed the higher rate of people not taking HIV-test before the interview in the lowest income quintile compared to that in other levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The government should set up different VCT delivery models in appropriate locations, such as stand-alone VCT units were placed in the areas with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS while integration facilities were established in low-risk areas [41,44]. It is noteworthy that freestanding VCT facilities required much more resources than integration model [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some current drug users may avoid using health care services including HIV testing. Besides, a previous study reported that monthly spend of drug users for opiates were US $540, which were five times higher than their average income per capita [41]. This expenditure places economic burden on households, which may affect the WTP of respondents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobilization for HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services in Vietnam: Clients’ Risk Behaviors, Attitudes and Willingness to Pay

et al. 2015

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A multi-site survey was conducted on a sample of 365 clients to assess their willingness to pay for HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services in Ha Noi and Nam Dinh province, two epicenters of Vietnam. By using contingent valuation technique, the results showed that most of respondents (95.1 %) were willing to pay averagely 155 (95 % CI 132-177) thousands Vietnam Dong (~US $7.75, 2013) for a VCT service. Clients who were female, had middle income level, and current opioid users were willing to pay less; meanwhile clients who had university level of education were willing to pay more for a VCT service. The results highlighted the high rate of willingness to pay for the service at a high amount by VCT clients. These findings contribute to the implementation of co-payment scheme for VCT services toward the financial sustainability of HIV/AIDS programs in Vietnam.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobilization for HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services in Vietnam: Clients’ Risk Behaviors, Attitudes and Willingness to Pay

et al. 2015

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“…First, its sample includes only HIV positive drug users who were approached at antiretroviral treatment clinics, while the majority of current drug users at MMT clinics in Vietnam are HIV-negative. Those patients with HIV/AIDS were more likely to suffer from catastrophic health expenditure; meanwhile HIV-negative drug users might have more hope to prevent HIV infection that affect their WTP for the services [8, 14, 20, 23, 24]. Second, This prior study was conducted at HIV outpatient clinics instead of MMT clinics across levels of health administration of the Vietnamese health system [25, 26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding co-payment for methadone maintenance services in Vietnam: the importance of addressing health and socioeconomic inequalities

Tran

Nguyen

et al. 2017

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundEnsuring high enrollment while mobilizing resources through co-payment services is critical to the success of the methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program in Vietnam. This study assessed the willingness of patients to pay (WTP) for different MMT services delivery models and determined its associated factors.MethodsA facility based survey was conducted among 1016 MMT patients (98.7% male, 42% aged 35 or less, and 67% living with spouse) in five MMT clinics in Hanoi and Nam Dinh province in 2013. Socioeconomic, HIV and health status, history of drug use and rehabilitation, and MMT experience were interviewed. WTP was assessed using contingent valuation method, including a set of double-bounded binary questions and a follow-up open-ended question. Point and interval data models were used to estimate maximum willingness to pay.Results95.5% patients were willing to pay for MMT at the monthly mean price of US$ 32 (95%CI = 28–35). Higher WTP was associated with higher level of educational attainment, higher income, male sex, and had high expenses on opiates prior to MMT. Patients who reported having any problem in Pain/ Discomfort, and who did not have outpatient care last year were willing to pay less for MMT than others.ConclusionHigh level of WTP supports the co-payment policies as a strategy to mobilize resources for the MMT program in Vietnam. However, it is necessary to ensure equalities across patient groups by acknowledging socioeconomic status of different settings and providing financial supports for disadvantaged patients with severe health status.

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“…While prevalence of HIV has dropped from its peak in the early-2000s (Government of Vietnam, 2013), Vietnam continues to have one of Asia's fastest growing HIV rates (Tran, 2013). At the start of 2014 an estimated 256,000 people -0.26% of the general population aged over 15 -were living with HIV (Government of Vietnam, 2013).…”

Section: Hiv Amongst People Who Inject Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security trumps drug control: How securitization explains drug policy paradoxes in Thailand and Vietnam

Windle

2016

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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This paper investigates the paradoxes inherent in Thai and Vietnamese drug policies. The two countries have much in common. Both are ultra-prohibitionist states which employ repressive policies to contain drug markets. Their policies have, however, diverged in two key areas: opium suppression and harm reduction. Thailand implemented an effective intervention to suppress opium farming centred upon alternative development, whereas Vietnam suppressed opium production through coercive negotiation with nominal alternative development. Vietnam has embraced elements of harm reduction, whereas Thailand has been slow to implement harm reduction policies. This paper hypothesises that these two differences are largely a product of their perceived relationship to security.The two cases demonstrate how once an issue is securitized the ultra-prohibitionist rules of the game can be broken to allow for more humane and pragmatic policies.

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Willingness to pay for methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnamese epicentres of injection-drug-driven HIV infection

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

Mobilization for HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services in Vietnam: Clients’ Risk Behaviors, Attitudes and Willingness to Pay

Mobilization for HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services in Vietnam: Clients’ Risk Behaviors, Attitudes and Willingness to Pay

Expanding co-payment for methadone maintenance services in Vietnam: the importance of addressing health and socioeconomic inequalities

Security trumps drug control: How securitization explains drug policy paradoxes in Thailand and Vietnam

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