Cost-Effective Siting of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure With Agent-Based Modeling

Sheppard, Colin J. R.; Harris, Andrew; Gopal, Anand

doi:10.1109/tte.2016.2540663

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The following provides an overview of the model and how it was applied to Delhi. For a complete description of the model, see Sheppard and Harris (2014) and Sheppard et al (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assist the Indian Government in EVCS infrastructure planning for New Delhi, we apply the plugin electric vehicle infrastructure model (PEVI), which is an agent-based model capable of representing individual PEV drivers in a spatially explicit road network with any configuration of EVCS we wish to evaluate (Sheppard et al 2016). The model is then used in a series of heuristic optimization analyses to assess the costeffective deployment of EVCS across a range of policy and market scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost-effective electric vehicle charging infrastructure siting for Delhi

Sheppard

Gopal

Harris

et al. 2016

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) represent a substantial opportunity for governments to reduce emissions of both air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The Government of India has set a goal of deploying 6-7 million hybrid and PEVs on Indian roads by the year 2020. The uptake of PEVs will depend on, among other factors like high cost, how effectively range anxiety is mitigated through the deployment of adequate electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) throughout a region. The Indian Government therefore views EVCS deployment as a central part of their electric mobility mission. The plug-in electric vehicle infrastructure (PEVI) model-an agent-based simulation modeling platform -was used to explore the cost-effective siting of EVCS throughout the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. At 1% penetration in the passenger car fleet, or ∼10 000 battery electric vehicles (BEVs), charging services can be provided to drivers for an investment of $4.4 M (or $440/BEV) by siting 2764 chargers throughout the NCT of Delhi with an emphasis on the more densely populated and frequented regions of the city. The majority of chargers sited by this analysis were low power, Level 1 chargers, which have the added benefit of being simpler to deploy than higher power alternatives. The amount of public infrastructure needed depends on the access that drivers have to EVCS at home, with 83% more charging capacity required to provide the same level of service to a population of drivers without home chargers compared to a scenario with home chargers. Results also depend on the battery capacity of the BEVs adopted, with approximately 60% more charging capacity needed to achieve the same level of service when vehicles are assumed to have 57 km versus 96 km of range.

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“…The following provides an overview of the model and how it was applied to Delhi. For a complete description of the model, see Sheppard and Harris (2014) and Sheppard et al (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effective electric vehicle charging infrastructure siting for Delhi

Sheppard

Gopal

Harris

et al. 2016

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…In [13] an optimization process is made of the sizing and siting the EV charging stations by minimizing the charging station costs. In addition, [14] suggests a spatially explicit agent-based model that determines the spatial distribution of chargers by introducing load shifting of the EV demand. Another solution in [15] recommends a scheduling strategy of the FCs by reducing the impact in low voltage (LV) grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid integration of DC fast‐charging stations for EVs by using modular li‐ion batteries

Gjelaj

Hashemi

Træholt

et al. 2018

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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Widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) requires investigating impacts of vehicles' charging on power systems. This paper focuses on the design of a new DC fast charging station (DCFCS) for EVs combined with local battery energy storages (BESs). Due to the BESs the DCFCS is able to decouple the peak load demand caused by multiple EVs and decrease the installation costs as well as the connection fees. The charging system is equipped with a bidirectional AC/DC converter, two lithium-ion batteries and a DC/DC converter. The introduction of BES within the DCFCSs is investigated with regards to operational costs of the charging stations as well as the ability of a BES to mitigating negative impacts on the power grid during congestion hours. The proposed solution is shown to reduce not only the installation costs but also the charging time and it facilitates the integration of fast chargers in existing low voltage (LV) grids. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is performed to evaluate the financial feasibility of BES within the DCFCSs by considering the installation costs, grid connection costs and battery life cycle costs. E IntroductionINCREASED focus on sustainable transportation and CO2 reduction leads to large investments into electric vehicle (EV) technology from the major car producers. Rising numbers of EVs in major cities and widespread rollout of EV charging infrastructures are introducing new high power loads to distribution system operators (DSOs). In recent years environmental concerns and advances in battery technology drive the rapid development of electrical transportation [1]- [3]. In a sustainable city [4], with an increasing amount of electric vehicles, a lot of concern is raised on EV grid integration as well as a tariff system that allows to control the EVs charging demand [5]- [6]. The EN /IEC 61815 and automotive engineers in U.S. SAE J1772 have proposed the EV charging modes and the maximum current delivered both on alternating and direct current (AC and DC).Currently, the public charging stations in the major European cities are providing 7 -43 kW [7], which with the current EV models and charging stations require more than an hour to cover a range of 150 km.Considering the growing number of EVs over the next 10 years [8], appropriate fast charging infrastructures are anticipated to supply the future EV power demand. Therefore, the widespread use of EVs requires investigating impacts of vehicles' charging on the distribution grids. So far, extensive study has focused on optimizing the EV penetration and the charging infrastructure. An optimal approach is proposed in [9] with a day-ahead energy planning of EVs by scheduling

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“…Other authors have focused their studies on the impact of the charging stations based on simulation models. The models determine the spatial distribution of different charging stations to evaluate the potential for load shifting EVs demand [8]. Although the DC fast charging station has a deep impact on the grid and at the moment few researcher are working to determine the fast charging stations' demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design of DC fast-charging stations for EVs in low voltage grids

Gjelaj

Træholt

Hashemi

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)

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Abstract-DC Fast Charging Station (DCFCS) is essential for widespread use of Electric Vehicle (EVs). It can recharge EVs in direct current in a short period of time. In recent years, the increasing penetration of EVs and their charging systems are going through a series of changes. This paper addresses the design of a new DCFCS for EVs coupled with a local Battery Energy Storage (BES). DCFCS is equipped with a bidirectional AC/DC converter for feeding power back to the grid, two lithium batteries and a DC/DC converter. This paper proposes an optimal size of the BES to reduce the negative impacts on the power grid through the application of electrical storage systems within the DC fast charging stations. The proposed solution decreases the charging time and the impact on the low voltage (LV) grid significantly. The charger can be used as a multifunctional grid-utility such as congestion management and load levelling. Finally, an optimal design of the DCFSC has been done to evaluate the feasibility and the operability of the system in different EVs load conditions.

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Cost-Effective Siting of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure With Agent-Based Modeling

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Cost-effective electric vehicle charging infrastructure siting for Delhi

Cost-effective electric vehicle charging infrastructure siting for Delhi

Grid integration of DC fast‐charging stations for EVs by using modular li‐ion batteries

Optimal design of DC fast-charging stations for EVs in low voltage grids

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