Cost-effective electric vehicle charging infrastructure siting for Delhi

Abstract

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) represent a substantial opportunity for governments to reduce emissions of both air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The Government of India has set a goal of deploying 6-7 million hybrid and PEVs on Indian roads by the year 2020. The uptake of PEVs will depend on, among other factors like high cost, how effectively range anxiety is mitigated through the deployment of adequate electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) throughout a region. The Indian Government therefore views EVCS deployment as a central part of their electric mobility mission. The plug-in electric vehicle infrastructure (PEVI) model-an agent-based simulation modeling platform -was used to explore the cost-effective siting of EVCS throughout the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. At 1% penetration in the passenger car fleet, or ∼10 000 battery electric vehicles (BEVs), charging services can be provided to drivers for an investment of $4.4 M (or $440/BEV) by siting 2764 chargers throughout the NCT of Delhi with an emphasis on the more densely populated and frequented regions of the city. The majority of chargers sited by this analysis were low power, Level 1 chargers, which have the added benefit of being simpler to deploy than higher power alternatives. The amount of public infrastructure needed depends on the access that drivers have to EVCS at home, with 83% more charging capacity required to provide the same level of service to a population of drivers without home chargers compared to a scenario with home chargers. Results also depend on the battery capacity of the BEVs adopted, with approximately 60% more charging capacity needed to achieve the same level of service when vehicles are assumed to have 57 km versus 96 km of range.

Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India

“…The BS-VI standard will be put into practice for new and existing vehicles by April 2020 and 2021 respectively (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, GoI, 2017: A draft notification https://morth.nic.in/). The GoI also targeted to develop 6 to 7 million Plugin electric and hybrid vehicles (PEVs) on roads by 2020 (Sheppard et al, 2016). The National Bio-fuels Policy have aimed to convert at least 20% of the diesel and petrol (gasoline) based engines into bio-diesel and bioethanol by 2017 (Purohit and Dhar, 2015).…”

Comprehensive Assessment of Electric Vehicle Development, Deployment, and Policy Initiatives to Reduce GHG Emissions: Opportunities and Challenges

“…To represent the charging power rating, European developers prefer the term "Mode," while American developers prefer the term "Level." Table IX compiles the standards adopted in different nations that are documented in [13], [196], [199]- [207], electrical specifications, charging speed, and the location of EVSE. The compilation is based on the SAE-J1772 standard and the classification described by William Tods [192], to eliminate ambiguities.…”

“…The CCS type 1 connector is made by combining the AC SAE J1772 coupled with 2 extra DC pins for fast charging in the US region and the AC IEC 62196-2 connector for fast charging in the European region. SAE has also endorsed CCS which is widely accepted in North America [199]. This would also reduce the amount of space needed to put a charging port on the car, as well as the time spent looking for a compatible charging station.…”

Modeling plug-in electric vehicle charging demand with BEAM: the framework for behavior energy autonomy mobility

“…As explored in [15] and [16], the problem of robustly siting spatially resolved charging infrastructure in a region is challenging primarily due to computational burden. The approach in those studies was to use a relatively complex, agent-based model of PEV mobility and charging demand to evaluate the efficacy of a hypothetical distribution of chargers.…”