Cospeciation vs host‐shift speciation: methods for testing, evidence from natural associations and relation to coevolution

Vienne, Damien M. de; Refrégier, Guislaine; López‐Villavicencio, Manuela; Tellier, Aurélien; Hood, Michael E.; Giraud, Tatiana

doi:10.1111/nph.12150

Cited by 366 publications

(496 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Mapping traits of the mutualists and non-mutualist relatives on time-calibrated phylogenies has proved a powerful approach to unveil the temporal and geographical origin of mutualisms. A finding of co-phylogenetic studies of mutualisms is that co-speciation is rare (reviewed in [4]) and restricted to a few symbioses, especially those with vertical transmission, such as Buchnera bacterial endosymbionts and aphids [5][6][7]. Co-speciation in mutualistic partnerships that do not involve vertical transmission may exist in some obligate systems-for instance figs and their wasp pollinators as suggested by matching divergence times, although occasional wasp switches to other figs have been documented [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroevolutionary assembly of ant/plant symbioses:Pseudomyrmexants and their ant-housing plants in the Neotropics

2015

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Symbioses include some of the clearest cases of coevolution, but their origin, loss or reassembly with different partners can rarely be inferred. Here we use ant/plant symbioses involving three plant clades to investigate the evolution of symbioses. We generated phylogenies for the big-eyed arboreal ants (Pseudomyrmecinae), including 72% of their 286 species, as well as for five of their plant host groups, in each case sampling more than 61% of the species. We show that the ant-housing Vachellia (Mimosoideae) clade and its ants co-diversified for the past 5 Ma, with some species additionally colonized by younger plant-nesting ant species, some parasitic. An apparent co-radiation of ants and Tachigali (Caesalpinioideae) was followed by waves of colonization by the same ant clade, and subsequent occupation by a younger ant group. Wide crown and stem age differences between the ant-housing genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae) and its obligate ant inhabitants, and stochastic trait mapping, indicate that its domatium evolved earlier than the ants now occupying it, suggesting previous symbioses that dissolved. Parasitic ant species evolved from generalists, not from mutualists, and are younger than the mutualistic systems they parasitize. Our study illuminates the macroevolutionary assembly of ant/plant symbioses, which has been highly dynamic, even in very specialized systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroevolutionary assembly of ant/plant symbioses:Pseudomyrmexants and their ant-housing plants in the Neotropics

2015

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“…Once the restrictions of host plant use are relaxed, the temporal and spatial distributions of host plants and insects may become major determinants of host shifting (de Vienne et al., 2013). Specifically, the timing of the overlapping distribution of E. binotata species might be a key factor in host‐shifting events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

You stay, but I Hop: Host shifting near and far co‐dominated the evolution of Enchenopa treehoppers

Hsu

Cocroft

Snyder

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The importance and prevalence of phylogenetic tracking between hosts and dependent organisms caused by co‐evolution and shifting between closely related host species have been debated for decades. Most studies of phylogenetic tracking among phytophagous insects and their host plants have been limited to insects feeding on a narrow range of host species. However, narrow host ranges can confound phylogenetic tracking (phylogenetic tracking hypothesis) with host shifting between hosts of intermediate relationship (intermediate hypothesis). Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of the Enchenopa binotata complex of treehoppers. Each species in this complex has high host fidelity, but the entire complex uses hosts across eight plant orders. The phylogenies of E. binotata were reconstructed to evaluate whether (1) tracking host phylogeny; or (2) shifting between intermediately related host plants better explains the evolutionary history of E. binotata. Our results suggest that E. binotata primarily shifted between both distant and intermediate host plants regardless of host phylogeny and less frequently tracked the phylogeny of their hosts. These findings indicate that phytophagous insects with high host fidelity, such as E. binotata, are capable of adaptation not only to closely related host plants but also to novel hosts, likely with diverse phenology and defense mechanisms.

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“…Parasite diversification cannot be explained based on the process of strict cospeciation, since this would result in the extreme specialization of parasites and a narrow host spectrum (de Vienne et al 2013). If cospeciation was the driving force of parasite diversification, one would expect that all mammals in a clade would be infected by parasites that are phylogenetically related, which is seldom the case (Light & Hafner 2008).…”

Section: Historical Associations: Does Cospeciation Explain the Distrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, these parasites would be a proxy of the phenotype of the host; thus the reconstruction of the relationships of these hosts necessitated the inclusion of parasites as an additional character (Fahrenholz 1913, Kellogg 1913. In spite of its circular reasoning (Klassen 1992, de Vienne et al 2013, and the fact that most parasites are not permanent in or on their hosts, these premises have prevailed in the scientific literature up to the current time. The expectation of maximum cospeciation is not congruent with the restricted geographic distribution of several parasites.…”

Section: Historical Associations: Does Cospeciation Explain the Distrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nematodes Associated With Mammals in the Great American Biotic Interchange (Gabi)

Jiménez¹,

Notarnicola²,

Gardner³

2017

Oecol. Austr.

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The Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) is a large-scale zoogeographic event that illustrates the exchange and diversification of mammals between North and South America. This phenomenon was accelerated by the connection of both landmasses during the Pliocene. Support for this phenomenon includes the extant distribution of xenarthrans, didelphiomorph marsupials, hystricognath and cricetine rodents, sciurids and carnivores, as well as the distribution of fossils in the stratigraphic record and the coalescence of genotypes. Contrasting with the relatively well-documented role and history of mammals in GABI, the role of their parasites has been largely neglected. As a consequence, the reconstructions of the causes of diversification, extinction and dispersion of groups of mammals during the Pliocene (and Miocene) invoke changes in climate patterns and the role of competitors or predators, yet in most cases the lines of evidence are not direct. We posit that infections with parasites offer a direct form of evidence of the role of interactions among species, by considering that the successful establishment of species of parasites in new groups of vertebrates will result in a net effect on their adaptive immune system. Thus, the current distribution of nematode parasites of the families Aspidoderidae, Nippostrongylidae, Onchocercidae, Oxyuridae, Rictaluriidae and Viannaidae offers evidence that the historical associations of these nematodes and their hosts diverge from the expected cospeciation and codivergence. Thus, clades of parasites infect disparate clades of mammals and, by deviating from the expected cospeciation, represent a paradox. This paradox deters investigators from studying historical associations among symbionts, since researchers lose the compelling simplicity of testing coevolutionary associations through the congruence of their resulting phylogenies. However, the reconstruction of historical associations must acknowledge the differential survival of parasites in novel hosts. This consideration is part of the Stockholm Paradigm, which includes the hypotheses known as Ecological Fitting, Oscillations, Taxon Pulses and Mosaics of Geographic Coevolution. We introduce nine host-parasite systems that provide insights on the role of parasites in GABI. We posit that the conservatism of parasite resource use, heritability of the adaptive immune system, and the genetic structure of parasites make it possible to elucidate the role of these parasites in GABI.

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Cospeciation vs host‐shift speciation: methods for testing, evidence from natural associations and relation to coevolution

Cited by 366 publications

References 179 publications

Macroevolutionary assembly of ant/plant symbioses:Pseudomyrmexants and their ant-housing plants in the Neotropics

Macroevolutionary assembly of ant/plant symbioses:Pseudomyrmexants and their ant-housing plants in the Neotropics

You stay, but I Hop: Host shifting near and far co‐dominated the evolution of Enchenopa treehoppers

Nematodes Associated With Mammals in the Great American Biotic Interchange (Gabi)

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