CoSMoS special issue editorial

Stepney, Susan; Andrews, Paul S.

doi:10.1007/s11047-015-9482-9

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…We can use the CoSMoS (Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation) approach [4,6,[109][110][111] to help implement a principled computer simulation that conforms to the architecture described above. CoSMoS is a particular approach to simulation of complex systems and their emergent properties, but the components are necessary (if not always explicitly identified) in any principled simulation work.…”

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining and simulating open-ended novelty: requirements, guidelines, and challenges

et al. 2016

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The open-endedness of a system is often defined as a continual production of novelty. Here we pin down this concept more fully by defining several types of novelty that a system may exhibit, classified as variation, innovation, and emergence. We then provide a meta-model for including levels of structure in a system's model. From there, we define an architecture suitable for building simulations of open-ended novelty-generating systems and discuss how previously proposed systems fit into this framework. We discuss the design principles applicable to those systems and close with some challenges for the community.

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Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining and simulating open-ended novelty: requirements, guidelines, and challenges

et al. 2016

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A Specialized Dehydrogenase Provides l‐Phenyllactate for FR900359 Biosynthesis

et al. 2021

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d-Phenyllactate (PLA) is a component of the selective Gq protein inhibitor and nonribosomal cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR). Here we report a detailed biochemical investigation of PLA biosynthesis and its incorporation into the natural product FR. The enzyme FrsC, member of the lactate/ malate dehydrogenase superfamily, was shown to catalyze the formation of l-PLA from phenylpyruvate. FrsC was kinetically characterized and its substrate specificity determined. Incorporation of l-PLA was probed by assaying the adenylation domain FrsE-A3 and feeding studies with a Chromobacterium vaccinii ΔfrsC mutant, confirming preferred activation of l-PLA followed by on-line epimerization to d-PLA. Finally, detailed bioinformatic analyses of FrsC revealed its close relation to malate dehydrogenases from primary metabolism and suggest extensions in the substrate binding loop to be responsible for its adaptation to accepting larger aromatic substrates with high specificity.

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