The conceptual field for discussions of democracy has generally been territorially delimited. For ancient democracy, the territory was that of a city-state; for modern democracy, a nation-state. Although since the late eighteenth century modern democracy has been in many ways quite a different set of institutions and practices from ancient democracy and although modern democracy has continually undergone significant change, the notion of delimited territoriality has remained a central assumption. In the early twenty-first century, however, there are many reasons to anticipate a major conceptual shift. The web of transnational connection, the development of transnational structures of decision making (from the european union to the International monetary Fund), and the vast disparity of wealth and power among nationstates are calling into question the democracy in them. Although