Cosmological hydrodynamics with relativistic pressure and velocity

Noh, Hyerim; Hwang, Jai‐chan; Park, Chan-Gyung

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2018/11/002

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

2018

DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2018/11/002

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Cosmological hydrodynamics with relativistic pressure and velocity

Hyerim Noh

Jai‐chan Hwang

Chan-Gyung Park

Abstract: We present hydrodynamic equations with relativistic pressure and velocity in the presence of weak gravity, in a cosmological context. Previously we consistently derived special relativistic hydrodynamic equations with weak gravity in Minkowski background. With the relativistic pressure and velocity one cannot derive the cosmological counterpart by a simple transformation from equations in the Minkowski background. Here we present a proper derivation. We point out the potential importance of relativistic pressu… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

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Atchariyakarn¹,

Zhang²

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Online reviews play a significant role in supporting consumers to make purchase decisions across provided platforms. Many studies examine the characteristics of online reviews and their impacts, nevertheless, only a few studies examine the perceived value from online reviews. This study provides the integration view by utilizing the systematic approach to synthesize 36 academic papers out of 661 searched papers between January 1st, 2011, and December 22nd, 2019. The contribution of researchers in studying the perceived value is increasing significantly and continuously since 2018. There are two main types of online reviews regardless of online platforms: Expert-written reviews and customer-written reviews. Perceived values can be derived from online review and be transmitted to online review simultaneously upon the content of studies. The framing of questions for a review focus on five key questions and to illustrate by providing the mind mapping of perceived value to reveal components and relationship among them. The finding emphasizes the research contents of existing research and research allocation, analysis of techniques used, theories, methodologies used, implications in different industrial sectors to enhance the understanding of this relevant information, ambiguous meanings, and development of areas that lack attention in the past decade. Besides, the indication of studies could identify the importance of perceived values that has a greater impact on consumers in the pre-stage of purchase decision.

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A systematic review of perceived value toward online review on s-commerce platform

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Most publications justify that digitalization is a source of economic growth, to a greater extent in the countries with higher levels of economic development. However, some papers fail to find empirical evidence supporting this claim, attributing it to digitalization being in its initial stages or to the presence of the digitalization paradox. Economic literature exhibits a degree of ambiguity in its conclusions regarding the role of the digital economy in growth. Researchers employ different measures of digitalization, country and year samples, control variables in regression equation, as well as different regression methods, which can provoke ambiguous effects on the parameters of digital variables. The purpose of the article is to identify the role of digitalization in economic growth by justifying an economic growth model with the digitalization index and providing detailed discussions on our sample of countries over recent years, along with options for regression estimators. The article utilizes statistical data from the World Bank, European Commission, and Heritage Foundation. Methods such as system analysis, statistical analysis, and the regression estimator of panel data with fixed effects are implemented to identify the role of digitalization in economic growth. We have designed an economic growth model incorporating the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) of EU member states for the years 2017-2022, utilizing available data. The results reveal a positive and significant causal effect of digitization on gross output growth. Specifically, a 1% increase in the digitalization index results in GDP growth of almost 0.2%. Moreover, we observe the important roles of capital, labor, trade, human capital, and intellectual property rights in driving growth, consistent with the theory of endogenous growth. Proving the importance of digitalization for economic growth can be an argument for policies aimed at promoting digitalization. We suggest further research on the role of digitalization at a more disaggregated level of industries. However, our study does not demonstrate a statistically significant effect of research activity and institutional quality on gross output. We have discussed possible reasons for this and propose further research in these areas.

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Noh

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2019

ApJ

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We present a fully nonlinear and exact perturbation formulation of Einstein's gravity with a general fluid and the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) without imposing the slicing (temporal gauge) condition. Using this formulation, we derive equations of special relativistic (SR) MHD in the presence of weak gravitation. The equations are consistently derived in the limit of weak gravity and actionat-a-distance in the maximal slicing. We show that in this approximation the relativistic nature of gravity does not affect the SR MHD dynamics, but SR effects manifest themselves in the metric, and thus gravitational lensing. Neglecting these SR effects may lead to an overestimation of lensing masses.

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Cosmological hydrodynamics with relativistic pressure and velocity

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

A systematic review of perceived value toward online review on s-commerce platform

A systematic review of perceived value toward online review on s-commerce platform

Economic Growth Model: The Role of Digitalization

Special Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics with Gravitation

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