Coseismic water-level changes in a well induced by teleseismic waves from three large earthquakes

Zhang, Yan; Fu, Li‐Yun; Fang, Huang; Chen, Xuezhong

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2015.02.027

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Among hydrological responses, water level changes are the most widely reported responses. Documented water level changes are typically analyzed in one of two ways: considering how one particular well responds to multiple earthquakes (Roeloffs, 1998;Weingarten and Ge, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015), or contrasting how a set of wells responds to a single earthquake (King et al, 1999;Roeloffs et al, 2003;Sil and Freymueller, 2006). Both approaches provide complementary insight into interactions between hydrogeological and tectonic processes (Manga and Wang, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include: (1) poroelastic response to coseismic static strain (Ge and Stover, 2000;Jónsson et al, 2003;Shi et al, 2013b); (2) undrained consolidation of sediments (Wang and Chia, 2008); (3) clogging or unclogging pore and fractures by oscillatory flows produced by passing seismic waves Elkhoury et al, 2006;Lai et al, 2014;; (4) co-seismic gas bubble nucleation and growth (Crews and Cooper, 2014;Linde et al, 1994); (5) shaking-induced compaction or dilatation (Bower and Heaton, 1978;Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of co-seismic water level change following four great earthquakes – insights from co-seismic responses throughout the Chinese mainland

Shi

Wang

Manga

et al. 2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

100

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We analyze the co-seismic groundwater level responses to four great earthquakes recorded by China's network of groundwater monitoring wells. The large number of operational wells (164 wells for the 2007 Mw 8.5 Sumatra earthquake, 245 wells for the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, 228 wells for the Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and 223 wells for 2012 Mw 8.6 Sumatra earthquake) and co-seismic responses provide an opportunity to test hypotheses on mechanisms for co-seismic water level changes. Overall, the co-seismic water level responses are complex over large spatial scales, and there is great variability both in the sign and amplitude of water level responses in the data set. As shown in previous studies, permeability change, rather than static strain, is a more plausible mechanism to explain most of the coseismic responses. However, we find through tidal analysis of water level responses to solid Earth tide that only one third of these wells that showed a sustained post-seismic response can be explained by earthquake-induced permeability change in aquifers, and these wells had sustained (>30 days) water level changes. Wells that did not show sustained changes are more likely affected by permeability changes only immediately adjacent to the wellbore.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of co-seismic water level change following four great earthquakes – insights from co-seismic responses throughout the Chinese mainland

Shi

Wang

Manga

et al. 2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

100

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show abstract

“…[], and Zhang et al . []). Blue crosses distinguish the relatively anomalous sustained water level changes at Devils Hole [ Weingarten and Ge , ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially and temporally systematic hydrologic changes within large geoengineered landslides, Cromwell Gorge, New Zealand, induced by multiple regional earthquakes

2016

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Geoengineered groundwater systems within seven large (23 × 104–9 × 106 m2), deep‐seated (40–300 m), previously slow‐creep (2–5 mm/yr.) schist landslides in the Cromwell Gorge responded systematically to 11 large (Mw > 6.2) earthquakes at epicentral distances of 130–630 km between 1990 and 2013. Landslide groundwater is strongly compartmentalized and often overpressured, with permeability of 10−17 to 10−13 m2 and flow occurring primarily through fracture and crush zones, hindered by shears containing clayey gouge. Hydrological monitoring recorded earthquake‐induced meter‐ or centimeter‐scale changes in groundwater levels (at 22 piezometers) and elevated drainage discharge (at 11 V notch weirs). Groundwater level changes exhibited consistent characteristics at all monitoring sites, with time to peak‐pressure changes taking ~1 month and recovery lasting 0.7–1.2 years. Changes in weir flow rate near instantaneous (peaking 0–6 h after earthquakes) and followed by recession lasting ~1 month. Responses at each site were systematic from one earthquake to another in terms of duration, polarity, and amplitude. Consistent patterns in amplitude and duration have been compared between sites and with earthquake parameters (peak ground acceleration (PGA), seismic energy density (e), shaking duration, frequency bandwidth, and site amplitude). Shaking at PGA ~0.27% g and e ~ 0.21 J m−3 induced discernable gorge‐wide hydrological responses at thresholds comparable to other international examples. Groundwater level changes modeled using a damped harmonic oscillator characterize the ability of the system to resist and recover from extrinsic perturbations. The observed character of response reflects spectral characteristics as well as energy. Landslide hydrological systems appear most susceptible to damage and hydraulic changes when earthquakes emit broad‐frequency, long‐duration, high‐amplitude ground motion.

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“…We calculated the phase lag between the water level and Earth tides using the crosscorrelation method (Lai et al 2011;Zhang et al 2015). We calculated both the amplitude ratio and the phase lag, with a moving time window of 15 days and a running step of 3 days (Fig.…”

Section: Tidal Response Analysis: Phase Shift and Amplitude Ratio Calmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fracture clearing and increased permeability caused by earthquakeinduced dynamic stress have been widely used to explain most documented far-field water-level changes (Brodsky et al 2003;Elkhoury et al 2006;Wang and Chia 2008;Wang and Manga 2010;Zhang et al 2015). Overcoming capillary traps in porous channels is hypothesized to be one of the principal pore-scale mechanisms by which natural permeability is enhanced by the passage of elastic waves (Beresnev et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different hydraulic responses to the 2008 Wenchuan and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes in two adjacent far-field wells: the effect of shales on aquifer lithology

Zhang

et al. 2016

Earth Planets Space

Self Cite

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Zuojiazhuang and Baodi are two adjacent wells (~50 km apart) in northern China. The large 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan and 2011 M w 9.1 Tohoku earthquakes induced different co-seismic water-level responses in these far-field (>1000 km) wells. The co-seismic water-level changes in the Zuojiazhuang well exhibited large amplitudes (~2 m), whereas those in the Baodi well were small and unclear (~0.05 m). The mechanism of the different co-seismic hydraulic responses in the two wells needs to be revealed. In this study, we used the barometric responses in different frequency domains and the phase shifts and amplitude ratios of the tidal responses (M 2 wave), together with the well logs, to explain this inconformity. Our calculations show that the co-seismic phase shifts of the M 2 wave decreased or remained unchanged in the Baodi well, which was quite different from the Zuojiazhuang well and from the commonly accepted phenomena. According to the well logs, the lithology of the Baodi well is characterized by the presence of a significant amount of shale. The low porosity/permeability of shale in the Baodi well could be the cause for the unchanged and decreased phase shifts and tiny co-seismic water-level responses. In addition, shale is one of the causes of positive phase shifts and indicates a vertical water-level flow, which may be due to a semi-confined aquifer or the complex and anisotropic fracturing of shale.

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Coseismic water-level changes in a well induced by teleseismic waves from three large earthquakes

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Mechanism of co-seismic water level change following four great earthquakes – insights from co-seismic responses throughout the Chinese mainland

Mechanism of co-seismic water level change following four great earthquakes – insights from co-seismic responses throughout the Chinese mainland

Spatially and temporally systematic hydrologic changes within large geoengineered landslides, Cromwell Gorge, New Zealand, induced by multiple regional earthquakes

Different hydraulic responses to the 2008 Wenchuan and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes in two adjacent far-field wells: the effect of shales on aquifer lithology

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