Coseismic damage runs deep in continental strike-slip faults

Energy Partitioning, Dynamic Fragmentation, and Off‐Fault Damage in the Earthquake Source Volume

“…Spatial distribution of pseudotachylyte (Price et al., 2012; W. J. Song, Johnson, & Gerbi, 2020), and the dynamic damage zone (B. R. Song, Johnson, Song, et al., 2020) used for estimating fracture surface‐area energy in the present study are marked in the cross section (see Figure 5). Although pseudotachylyte is distributed over ∼40 m in the QF rocks, it is concentrated in the shear‐zone core.…”

“…In the inner Sandhill Corner shear zone, B. R. Song, Johnson, Song, et al. (2020) found that the fragment size distribution defined two power‐law trends (two slopes, or D ‐values, in a log‐log plot) that intersect at a value of = ∼10 μm (Figure 4). Such “bifractal” distributions are observed in a wide range of different processes from drilling, brecciation, crushing, and milling of rock (Barnett, 2004; Carpinteri & Pugno, 2002; Farris & Paterson, 2007; Roy et al., 2012; Taşdemir, 2009) to rapid shock fragmentation of brick, glass, quartz, rock and ceramic (Barnett, 2004; Capaccioni et al., 1986; Davydova et al., 2014; Fujiwara et al., 1977; Hossain & Kruhl, 2015; Keulen et al., 2007; Roy et al., 2012; Suteanu et al., 2000).…”

“…After B. R. Song, Johnson, Song, et al. (2020). Mineral abbreviations are: Ap = apatite, Bt = biotite, Cal = calcite, Grt = garnet, Ilm = ilmenite, Mag = magnetite, Ms = muscovite, Py = pyrite, and Qz = quartz.…”

“…However, intense fragmentation of feldspar (Campbell et al, 2020;S. E. Johnson, 2015;Petley-Ragan et al, 2018;Pittarello et al, 2008;Soda & Okudaira, 2018;B. R. Song, Johnson, Song, et al, 2020;Sullivan & Peterman, 2017) and garnet (e.g., Austrheim et al, 2017;Hawemann et al, 2019;Jamtveit et al, 2019;Petley-Ragan et al, 2019;B.…”

“…E. Johnson, 2015;Petley-Ragan et al, 2018;Pittarello et al, 2008;Soda & Okudaira, 2018;B. R. Song, Johnson, Song, et al, 2020;Sullivan & Peterman, 2017) and garnet (e.g., Austrheim et al, 2017;Hawemann et al, 2019;Jamtveit et al, 2019;Petley-Ragan et al, 2019;B. R. Song, Johnson, Song, et al, 2020;Trepmann & Stöckhert, 2002), intense kinking of micas (Anderson et al, 2021;Bestmann et al, 2011), mechanical twinning of jadeite (Trepmann & Stöckhert, 2001), unusual quartz microstructures (e.g., Bestmann et al, 2011Bestmann et al, , 2012Price et al, 2016;Trepmann & Stöckhert, 2003), and variations in fluid-inclusion abundance (W. J. in the deeper seismogenic zone have more recently been attributed to coseismic loading.…”