COS in the stratosphere

Inn, Edward C. Y.; Vedder, J. F.; Tyson, B. J.; O'Hara, D.

doi:10.1029/gl006i003p00191

Cited by 68 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Stratospheric N20 measurements obtained on May 20, 1980 and May 21, 1980 are lower than tropospheric values, as expected, but do not correspond closely to those reported by Leifer et al [1981]. Inn et al [1981] saw no N20 increases above normal stratospheric levels in their St. Helens plume samples. It should be noted that the stratospheric F-12 and N20 data show a correlation coefficient (r = 0.93) which is significant at the 99% confidence level, lending support to the reasonableness of the data.…”

Section: Nitrous Oxidecontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Assumptions for these calculations are (1) CO, CO2, COS, CS2, CH3C1, H2S, and SO2 were not independently distributed in the plume and (2) stability of these gases were the same while they traveled within the plume. Sedlacek et al [1981] and Inn et al [1981] have noted nonuniform distributions of SO4 = and ash, and CH3C1, COS, and CS2, respectively. The flux of the gas of interest is obtained by multiplying the flux of SO2 (or H2S) on the day of interest by the ratio of the elevation of the gas of interest (measured mixing ratio minus background) to the elevation of the simultaneously measured SO2 (or H2S) in the plume.…”

Section: Flux Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their data did not allow any estimate of fluxes of these two components carried on particles to confirm their argument. As mentioned, sulfate (possibly formed from the sulfurcontaining gases) and ash were separated in the stratospheric portions of the May 18 plume [Sedlacek •t al., 1981] as were CH3C1, COS, and CS2 [Inn et al, 1981]. Plume fractionation and adsorption on ash could both cause apparently higher gas levels outside heavily ash laden portions of volcanic plumes.…”

Section: Flux Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of trace gases in 1980 volcanic plumes of Mt. St. Helens

Cronn¹,

Nutmagul²

1982

J. Geophys. Res.

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Over 50 whole‐air gas samples were collected in Mt. St. Helens volcanic plumes beginning with the original steam and ash plumes in March 1980 and continuing through June 1980. Four research aircraft were used to collect the samples, which were analyzed by five different analytical techniques for 14 separate trace gases. COS, CS2, CH3Cl, CO2, CO, N2O, C2H6 and C2H2 were found in elevated amounts in the volcanic plume gases. Order‐of‐magnitude estimates of COS, CS2, CH3Cl, CO2 and CO fluxes have been made for several types of eruptive phases. COS was a substantial fraction of the sulfur‐carrying gases during the May 18 eruptions, although SO2 and H2S still predominated.

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Section: Nitrous Oxidecontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Flux Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flux Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of trace gases in 1980 volcanic plumes of Mt. St. Helens

Cronn¹,

Nutmagul²

1982

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The OH concentration fields are given at 28 pressure levels with a latitude‐longitude resolution of approximately 5.5°. The vertical profile of COS was constructed from published measurements of Inn et al [1979], Louisnard et al [1983], Carroll [1985], Zander et al [1988], Leifer [1989], Engel and Schmidt [1994], and Kourtidis et al [1995]. The measurements were binned in the 27 pressure intervals at which the global monthly OH concentrations were given and an average and standard deviation were calculated (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global budget of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide: Temporal and spatial variations of the dominant sources and sinks

et al. 2002

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[1] The spatial and temporal variability of the global fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) is discussed together with possible implications for total column atmospheric COS loading. The input of COS into the atmosphere is calculated as the sum of all known direct sources of COS plus the conversion of carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to COS by atmospheric oxidation processes. Recent models are used to predict COS, CS 2 , and DMS release from the oceans and COS uptake by soils, plants, and oceans. This forward approach to constructing global integrated COS fluxes has a large associated range of uncertainty. The best guess global annual-integrated COS net flux estimate does not differ from zero within the range of estimated uncertainty, consistent with the observed absence of long-term trends in atmospheric COS loading. Interestingly, the hemispheric time-dependent monthly fluxes are very close in phase for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The monthly variation of the Northern Hemisphere flux seems to be driven primarily by high COS vegetation uptake in summer, while the monthly variation of the Southern Hemisphere flux appears to be driven mostly by high oceanic fluxes of COS, CS 2 , and DMS in summer.

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“…Since this study focuses on the stratosphere and the chemical lifetimes of DMS and H2S are estimated to be considerably shorter than those of SO 2 or in the troposphere, DMS and H2S are assumed to be immediately destroyed, producing SO 2 at the surface in the present version of the model. The surface mixing ratio of OCS is fixed as 500 pptv, based on several observations [ Inn et al , 1979; Carroll , 1984; Leifer , 1989; Johnston et al , 1993]. The surface values of other chemical species, such as N 2 O, CH 4 , and CFCs, are specified as climatological constants.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols using a Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies atmospheric GCM with coupled chemistry 1. Nonvolcanic simulation

2002

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[1] A new middle-atmosphere general circulation model (GCM) that includes the photochemistry for O x -HO x -NO x -ClO x -SO x species has been developed. The dynamical, radiative, and chemical processes of the model are fully interactive. The model is based on the Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies atmospheric GCM (CCSR/NIES AGCM). The chemical process predicts the concentration of 37 chemically reactive gases and includes 26 photolysis and 71 homogeneous reactions. It also includes four heterogeneous reactions on the surface of sulfate aerosols. Gaseous sulfuric acid is produced by the photolysis of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and SO 2 oxidation, and saturated sulfuric acid is condensed into aerosols. The aerosol size distribution is assumed to be unimodal and lognormal, and the aerosol composition is assumed to be 75% sulfuric acid droplets. The model considers washout, surface deposition, and sedimentation of sulfate aerosols. The parameterized updraft and downdraft of tracers by deep convection is also taken into consideration. In order to investigate the chemical effect of nonvolcanic sulfate aerosols, an 8-year integration has been done. A net flux of gaseous sulfate precursors from the troposphere to the stratosphere is estimated to be 0.067 TgS/yr. The transport of SO 2 from the troposphere to the stratosphere contributes about 48% of the net flux.

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COS in the stratosphere

Cited by 68 publications

References 8 publications

Characterization of trace gases in 1980 volcanic plumes of Mt. St. Helens

Characterization of trace gases in 1980 volcanic plumes of Mt. St. Helens

Global budget of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide: Temporal and spatial variations of the dominant sources and sinks

Simulation of stratospheric sulfate aerosols using a Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies atmospheric GCM with coupled chemistry 1. Nonvolcanic simulation

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