Cortical Vascular Canals in Human Mandible and Other Bones

Kingsmill, V.J.; Gray, Colin; Moles, David R; Boyde, A.

doi:10.1177/154405910708600413

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…However, even in the case of ONJ the mandible appears to be more frequently affected, particularly in patients treated with antiresorptives for the treatment of osteoporosis [2, 48, 49]. The predilection of the mandible for osteonecrosis could be due to the decreased vascularity, thicker cortical borders and smaller percentage of trabecular bone [50, 51]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the jaws in the maxilla of mice on antiresorptive treatment: A novel ONJ mouse model

Molon

Cheong

Bezouglaia

et al. 2014

Bone

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Although osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ), a serious complication of antiresorptive medications, was reported a decade ago, the exact mechanisms of disease pathophysiology remain elusive. ONJ-like lesions can be induced in animals after antiresorptive treatment and experimental interventions such as tooth extraction or periapical or periodontal disease. However, experimental induction and manipulation of disease progression does not always reflect clinical reality. Interestingly, naturally occurring maxillofacial abscesses, inducing aggressive inflammation of the peri-radicular mucosa with significant osteolysis and alveolar bone expansion, have been reported in mice. Here, we aimed to explore whether osteonecrotic lesions would develop in areas of maxillary peri-radicular infections, in mice on antiresorptive medications with distinct pharmacologic action, thus establishing a novel ONJ animal model. Mice were treated with RANK-Fc or OPG-Fc that bind to RANKL or with the potent bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA). Maxillae were assessed radiographically and histologically. μCT imaging of vehicle mice revealed several maxillae with altered alveolar bone morphology, significant ridge expansion and large lytic areas. However, in RANK-Fc, OPG-Fc and ZA treated animals the extent of bone loss was significantly less, but exuberant bone deposition was noted at the ridge periphery. BV and BV/TV were increased in the diseased site of antiresorptive vs. veh animals. Histologically, extensive inflammation, bone resorption and marginal gingival epithelium migration were seen in the diseased site of vehicle animals. Rank-Fc, OPG-Fc and ZA reduced alveolar bone loss, increased periosteal bone formation, and induced areas of osteonecrosis, and bone exposure that in many animals covered significant part of the alveolar bone. Collectively, our data demonstrate ONJ-like lesions at sites of maxillary peri-radicular infection, indistinguishable in mice treated with RAKL inhibitors vs. zoledronate. This novel mouse model of spontaneous ONJ supports a central role of osteoclast inhibition and infection/inflammation in ONJ pathogenesis and validates and complements existing animal models employing experimental interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the jaws in the maxilla of mice on antiresorptive treatment: A novel ONJ mouse model

Molon

Cheong

Bezouglaia

et al. 2014

Bone

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“…While the femur has been analyzed more than any other bone, Renders et al (2007) reported a vascular porosity of ~4% in the human mandibular condyle. In addition, Kingsmill et al (2007) measured the vascular porosity using backscattered SEM at several skeletal sites, finding the most porous cortex to be the femoral neck, which had a mean vascular porosity (also referred to as cortical porosity) of 16%. In the mandible, the porosity varied depending in the site studied (3 – 11%), the vascular porosity of the fourth lumbar vertebrae was ~5%, and the vascular porosity in the iliac crest was ~8% (Kingsmill et al 2007).…”

Section: Vascular and Lacunar-canalicular Porositiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Kingsmill et al (2007) measured the vascular porosity using backscattered SEM at several skeletal sites, finding the most porous cortex to be the femoral neck, which had a mean vascular porosity (also referred to as cortical porosity) of 16%. In the mandible, the porosity varied depending in the site studied (3 – 11%), the vascular porosity of the fourth lumbar vertebrae was ~5%, and the vascular porosity in the iliac crest was ~8% (Kingsmill et al 2007). In mice, μCT and SR-μCT were used in studies by Martin-Badosa et al (2003) and Schneider et al (2007, 2009) in which the vascular porosity in the femur was found to be in the range of ~1 – 5%.…”

Section: Vascular and Lacunar-canalicular Porositiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in assessment of bone porosity, permeability and interstitial fluid flow

Cardoso

Fritton

Gailani

et al. 2013

Journal of Biomechanics

161

102

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This contribution reviews recent research performed to assess the porosity and permeability of bone tissue with the objective of understanding interstitial fluid movement. Bone tissue mechanotransduction is considered to occur due to the passage of interstitial pore fluid adjacent to dendritic cell structures in the lacunar-canalicular porosity. The movement of interstitial fluid is also necessary for the nutrition of osteocytes. This review will focus on four topics related to improved assessment of bone interstitial fluid flow. First, the advantages and limitations of imaging technologies to visualize bone porosities and architecture at several length scales are summarized. Second, recent efforts to measure the vascular porosity and lacunar-canalicular microarchitecture are discussed. Third, studies associated with the measurement and estimation of the fluid pressure and permeability in the vascular and lacunar-canalicular domains are summarized. Fourth, the development of recent models to represent the interchange of fluids between the bone porosities is described.

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“…The fraction of bone remodeled per year defines a turnover rate which change with age . Structural differences between bones, mainly variations in the degree of vascularization, might be the key factor regulating the remodeling process . Highly mineralized bones such as mandible have slower remodeling and turnover rates than post‐cranial bones, thereby reflecting different periods of isotopic integration among distinct skeletal bones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the remodeling time of the trabecular bone is five to ten times faster than that of the cortical bone . Structural differences between bones, such as differences in the density, in the degree of mineralization and mainly variations in the degree of vascularization, may be the key factors regulating this process …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of isotopic integration in marine mammal skull: comparative study between calcified tissues

Riofrío-Lazo

Aurioles‐Gamboa²

2013

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Cortical Vascular Canals in Human Mandible and Other Bones

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the jaws in the maxilla of mice on antiresorptive treatment: A novel ONJ mouse model

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the jaws in the maxilla of mice on antiresorptive treatment: A novel ONJ mouse model

Advances in assessment of bone porosity, permeability and interstitial fluid flow

Timing of isotopic integration in marine mammal skull: comparative study between calcified tissues

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