Cortical Changes as a Result of Sports Injuries: A Short Commentary

Abstract

Currently, the treatment for the central nervous system (CNS) and neurocognitive fluctuations as a result of sports injuries is considered a relatively uncovered area under the sports neuroscience paradigm. For example, the compensatory neural changes (e.g., brain cortical changes) and the cognitive load can create a feedforward loop that affects recovery and relapse after a musculoskeletal injury. Although several methodologies have been promoted (e.g., brain mapping systems, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility), neuromuscular deficits are frequently non-assessed and non-intervened during rehabilitation practices. Here we present an up-to-date description of the most relevant CNS changes after injury, the concept of somatotopic maps, and their relationship with motor control, intracortical inhibition, and cortical facilitation processes. Neuroplasticity strategies beyond the traditional structural-based approaches on the injured tissue are also covered; however, further research is needed to establish evidence-based recommendations for sports professionals.

Exercise Selection and Common Injuries in Fitness Centers: A Systematic Integrative Review and Practical Recommendations

“…These easy-to-apply methodologies help to accurately monitor intensity and to adjust the RT program [11], taking advantage of the interoception process for control within the allostasis model [88]. PNE might be used as an intervention strategy to reduce kynophobia (refer to Vélez-Gutiérrez et al [122] for a recent short commentary on cortical changes).…”

Nutritional Strategies in the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Integrative Review

“…Some authors refer to this as the reathletization phase [ 28 ]. We have recently highlighted the compensatory neural changes (e.g., brain cortical changes) and the cognitive load that might affect recovery and relapse after a musculoskeletal injury [ 29 ]. Since early mobilization and stimulation of the affected tissue (i.e., low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, neuromuscular electric stimulation) has been shown to have a positive effect on collagen reorganization and general connective tissue repair, it is recommended to start with a controlled loading program as soon as pain or injury permits [ 6 ].…”