Cortical areas related to performance of WAIS Digit Symbol Test: A functional imaging study

Usui, Nobuo; Haji, Tomoki; Maruyama, Masakazu; Katsuyama, Narumi; Uchida, Shinya; Hozawa, Atsushi; Omori, Kahoru; Tsuji, Ichiro; Kawashima, Ryuta; Taira, Masato

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.048

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According to a functional MRI study, performance of DST could be related to activation of the fronto-parietal cortical network [39], which partially overlaps our findings. Furthermore, DST scores have been proposed to have a strong association with WM hyperintensities in patients with dementia [40] and the cognitive impairment observed in schizophrenia [22], [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effects of VRK2 (rs2312147) on White Matter Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

Sohn

Kim

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Recent genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia reported a novel risk variant, rs2312147 at vaccinia-related kinase 2 gene (VRK2), in multiple Asian and European samples. However, its effect on the brain structure in schizophrenia is little known. We analyzed the brain structure of 36 schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy subjects with regard to rs2312147 genotype groups. Brain magnetic resonance scans for gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) analysis, and genotype analysis for VRK2 rs2312147, were conducted. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Digit Symbol Test were assessed for schizophrenia patients. There was no significant difference in either GM volume or WM connectivity with regard to rs2312147 genotype in healthy subjects. In contrast, we found significant differences in the WM connectivity between rs2312147 CC and CT/TT genotype groups of schizophrenia patients. The related brain areas included the splenium of corpus callosum, the left occipital lobe WM, the internal capsule (left anterior limb and right retrolenticular part), the bilateral temporal lobe WM, the left fornix/stria terminalis, the left cingulate gyrus WM, and the left parietal lobe WM. Voxelwise correlation analysis revealed that the Digit Symbol Test scores (age corrected) correlated with the fractional anisotropy in WM tracts that previously showed significant group differences between the CT/TT and CC genotypes in the rs2312147 CT/TT genotype group, while no significant correlation was found in the CC genotype group. Our data may provide evidence for the effect of VRK2 on WM connectivity in patients with schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effects of VRK2 (rs2312147) on White Matter Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

Sohn

Kim

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…This practice effect has been documented in previous research using the aforementioned tests [Fitts, 1954;Wexler et al, 1998;Fastenau et al, 2001;Bird et al, 2004;Hinton-Bayre and Geffen, 2005;Miller et al, 2009;Solana et al, 2010]. These tests are associated with the prefrontal cortex [Shibuya-Tayoshi et al, 2007], precentral gyrus, cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus [Zakzanis et al, 2005], left middle frontal gyrus, and posterior parietal cortex [Usui et al, 2009]. Within the brain this practice effect would likely reflect an increase in neural efficiency in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, and an increase in neural firing in the precentral gyrus and posterior parietal cortex (regions associated with motor activity).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Human cognitive performance in a 3 mT power-line frequency magnetic field

Corbacio

Brown

Dubois

et al. 2011

Bioelectromagnetics

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Extremely low frequency (ELF, <300 Hz) magnetic fields (MF) have been reported to modulate cognitive performance in humans. However, little research exists with MF exposures comparable to the highest levels experienced in occupations like power line workers and industrial welders. This research aims to evaluate the impact of a 60 Hz, 3 mT MF on human cognitive performance. Ninety-nine participants completed the double-blind protocol, performing a selection of psychometric tests under two consecutive MF exposure conditions dictated by assignment to one of three groups (sham/sham, MF exposure/sham, or sham/MF exposure). Data were analyzed using a 3 × 2 mixed model analysis of variance. Performance between repetitions improved in 11 of 15 psychometric parameters (practice effect). A significant interaction effect on the digit span forward test (F = 5.21, P < 0.05) revealed an absence of practice effects for both exposure groups but not the control group. This memory test indicates MF-induced abolition of the improvement associated with practice. Overall, this study does not establish any clear MF effect on human cognition. It is speculated that an ELF MF may interfere with the neuropsychological processes responsible for this short-term learning effect supported by brain synaptic plasticity.

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“…In accordance with this evidence, an fMRI study examining neutral activity during the digit symbol test observed DLPFC activation (Usui et al, 2009). The DLPFC has been implicated in the allocation of visuospatial attention (Makino et al, 2004; Anderson et al, 2007) as well as in working memory function (Wager and Smith, 2003; Brunoni and Vanderhasselt, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Does neurocognitive function affect cognitive bias toward an emotional stimulus? Association between general attentional ability and attentional bias toward threat

Hakamata

Matsui

Tagaya

2014

FPSYG

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Background: Although poorer cognitive performance has been found to be associated with anxiety, it remains unclear whether neurocognitive function affects biased cognitive processing toward emotional information. We investigated whether general cognitive function evaluated with a standard neuropsychological test predicts biased cognition, focusing on attentional bias toward threat.Methods: One hundred and five healthy young adults completed a dot-probe task measuring attentional bias and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) measuring general cognitive function, which consists of five domains: immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, language, attention, and delayed memory. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between attentional bias and cognitive function.Results: The attentional domain was the best predictor of attentional bias toward threat (β = −0.26, p = 0.006). Within the attentional domain, digit symbol coding was negatively correlated with attentional bias (r = −0.28, p = 0.005).Conclusions: The present study provides the first evidence that general attentional ability, which was assessed with a standard neuropsychological test, affects attentional bias toward threatening information. Individual cognitive profiles might be important for the measurement and modification of cognitive biases.

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Cortical areas related to performance of WAIS Digit Symbol Test: A functional imaging study

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of VRK2 (rs2312147) on White Matter Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

Effects of VRK2 (rs2312147) on White Matter Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia

Human cognitive performance in a 3 mT power-line frequency magnetic field

Does neurocognitive function affect cognitive bias toward an emotional stimulus? Association between general attentional ability and attentional bias toward threat

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