Cortical and cerebellar activation induced by reflexive and voluntary saccades

Schraa-Tam, Caroline K. L.; Broekhoven, Phillippus van; Geest, Jos N. van der; Frens, Maarten A.; Smits, Marion; Lugt, Aad van der

doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1569-4

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…As for fMRI studies of visual saccades in autism, we found no overlap between the areas showing between-group differences during visual saccades (frontal eye fields, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex, posterior parietal cortex, precuneus, area V5, thalamus and cerebellum) and the occipital and prefrontal activity differences seen in relation to the RSPM task (Takarae, et al 2007; Thakkar, et al 2008). Moreover, none of the peaks of saccadic activity reported in the most recent studies employing non-autistic samples (frontal eye fields, supplementary eye fields, supplementary motor area, superior and middle temporal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, basal ganglia and cerebellum) overlapped with the regions of between-group differences identified in our RSPM task (Anderson, et al 2008; Hufner, et al 2008; Schraa-Tam, et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Enhanced visual processing contributes to matrix reasoning in autism

Soulières¹,

Dawson²,

Samson³

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

161

135

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Recent behavioral investigations have revealed that autistics perform more proficiently on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) than would be predicted by their Wechsler intelligence scores. A widely-used test of fluid reasoning and intelligence, the RSPM assays abilities to flexibly infer rules, manage goal hierarchies, and perform high-level abstractions. The neural substrates for these abilities are known to encompass a large frontoparietal network, with different processing models placing variable emphasis on the specific roles of the prefrontal or posterior regions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the neural bases of autistics' RSPM problem solving. Fifteen autistic and eighteen non-autistic participants, matched on age, sex, manual preference and Wechsler IQ, completed 60 self-paced randomly-ordered RSPM items along with a visually similar 60-item pattern matching comparison task. Accuracy and response times did not differ between groups in the pattern matching task. In the RSPM task, autistics performed with similar accuracy, but with shorter response times, compared to their non-autistic controls. In both the entire sample and a subsample of participants additionally matched on RSPM performance to control for potential response time confounds, neural activity was similar in both groups for the pattern matching task. However, for the RSPM task, autistics displayed relatively increased task-related activity in extrastriate areas (BA18), and decreased activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex (BA9) and the medial posterior parietal cortex (BA7). Visual processing mechanisms may therefore play a more prominent role in reasoning in autistics.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Enhanced visual processing contributes to matrix reasoning in autism

Soulières¹,

Dawson²,

Samson³

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

161

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, the only difference between our two conditions was in the nature of the cue (exogenous vs. endogenous). Studies applying similar paradigms as the present study so far have reported inconsistent results, indicating a subtle effect on BOLD amplitude that can only be detected under certain conditions (Mort et al, 2003; Reuter et al, 2010; Schraa-Tam et al, 2009). However, in the present study the voxel pattern of activity within the sPCS could predict the direction of the forthcoming saccade only when the cue was endogenous or when volitional processes are taxed; the pattern of sPCS activity during the exogenous saccade cue could not predict saccade direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

“…Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Mort et al (2003) compared simple internally-guided saccades and visually-guided saccades and found relatively increased activation for internally-guided saccades in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and in the putative human homologue of the monkey frontal eye field (FEF), which is thought to reside in the superior precentral sulcus (sPCS) at its junction with the superior frontal sulcus (Mort et al, 2003). However, other studies found the reversed pattern with higher activation in the sPCS and IPS for visually-guided saccades compared to internally-guided saccades (Schraa-Tam et al, 2009) or no difference in brain activation between the tasks (Reuter et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Differential roles of the frontal and parietal cortices in the control of saccades

Bender

Tark

Reuter

et al. 2013

Brain and Cognition

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Although externally as well as internally-guided eye movements allow us to flexibly explore the visual environment, their differential neural mechanisms remain elusive. A better understanding of these neural mechanisms will help us to understand the control of action and to elucidate the nature of cognitive deficits in certain psychiatric populations (e.g. schizophrenia) that show increased latencies in volitional but not visually-guided saccades. Both the superior precentral sulcus (sPCS) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) are implicated in the control of eye movements. However, it remains unknown what differential contributions the two areas make to the programming of visually-guided and internally-guided saccades. In this study we tested the hypotheses that sPCS and IPS distinctly encode internally-guided saccades and visually-guided saccades. We scanned subjects with fMRI while they generated visually-guided and internally-guided delayed saccades. We used multi-voxel pattern analysis to test whether patterns of cue related, preparatory and saccade related activation could be used to predict the direction of the planned eye movement. Results indicate that patterns in the human sPCS predicted internally-guided saccades but not visually-guided saccades in all trial periods and patterns in the IPS predicted internally-guided saccades and visually-guided saccades equally well. The results support the hypothesis that the human sPCS and IPS make distinct contributions to the control of volitional eye movements.

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“…However, Schraa-Tam et al did not find a significant difference in fMRI activation of the various cerebellar regions (lobules VI and VII and HVI) during the two types of saccadic adaptation [170]. These data suggest that the amplitudes for the two types of saccades are controlled by different sets of neurons within the same cerebellar regions and/or by different networks of other brain regions such as the cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Areas Associated With Saccadic Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Visuomotor Cerebellum in Human and Nonhuman Primates

et al. 2010

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In this paper, we will review the anatomical components of the visuomotor cerebellum in human and, where possible, in non-human primates and discuss their function in relation to those of extracerebellar visuomotor regions with which they are connected. The floccular lobe, the dorsal paraflocculus, the oculomotor vermis, the uvula–nodulus, and the ansiform lobule are more or less independent components of the visuomotor cerebellum that are involved in different corticocerebellar and/or brain stem olivocerebellar loops. The floccular lobe and the oculomotor vermis share different mossy fiber inputs from the brain stem; the dorsal paraflocculus and the ansiform lobule receive corticopontine mossy fibers from postrolandic visual areas and the frontal eye fields, respectively. Of the visuomotor functions of the cerebellum, the vestibulo-ocular reflex is controlled by the floccular lobe; saccadic eye movements are controlled by the oculomotor vermis and ansiform lobule, while control of smooth pursuit involves all these cerebellar visuomotor regions. Functional imaging studies in humans further emphasize cerebellar involvement in visual reflexive eye movements and are discussed.

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Cortical and cerebellar activation induced by reflexive and voluntary saccades

Cited by 34 publications

References 74 publications

Enhanced visual processing contributes to matrix reasoning in autism

Enhanced visual processing contributes to matrix reasoning in autism

Differential roles of the frontal and parietal cortices in the control of saccades

Visuomotor Cerebellum in Human and Nonhuman Primates

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