Corruption and health outcomes within an economic and cultural framework

Achim, Monica Violeta; Văidean, Viorela Ligia; Borlea, Sorin Nicolae

doi:10.1007/s10198-019-01120-8

Cited by 48 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This analysis from this study implies that in a country where governance is weak, for example, where the level of corruption in the economy is too high, public allocations to different sectors of the economy are likely not going to yield the expected result. This result agrees with the work of Achim et al (2020), Makute and O'Hare (2015), Yaqub et al (2012), and Rajkumar and Swaroop (2007).…”

Section: Empirical Literaturesupporting

confidence: 93%

Are Wealthy Countries Always Healthy? Health Outcomes and Public Health Spending Nexus in Nigeria

2021

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Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the eight most populous nation in the world. She is currently the largest economy in Africa. Nigeria is considered to be relatively wealthy in terms of oil reserves; however, the level of poverty is still very high because of corruption and mismanagement. This study investigates the impact of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria, 1985–2019. Empirical results from the Classical Regression Analysis reveal that health expenditure by the government reduces under-5 mortality rate significantly and improves life expectancy. Furthermore, immunization against measles was found to reduce under-5 mortality rate, while prevalence of HIV reduces life expectancy. The study therefore recommends that there is need for government expenditure on health to be targeted at areas that will improve health outcomes significantly. With adequate funding and proper monitoring, a resource-abundant nation like Nigeria, can become healthier. However, if this is not done, the wealthy may not be healthy after all.

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Section: Empirical Literaturesupporting

confidence: 93%

Are Wealthy Countries Always Healthy? Health Outcomes and Public Health Spending Nexus in Nigeria

2021

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“…Thus, it is an open question whether our results can be applied to other countries, such as the United States. There is evidence that culture has an important role in the corruption–health nexus (Achim et al, 2020). Thus, culture may affect the professional norms in the medical industry, which in turn impacts doctors' outcome bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do professional norms in the medical industry favor outcome bias?

2021

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This study tests the effect of doctors' professional identity on their outcome bias. We conduct a medical experiment with 264 doctors, a robustness test with 105 doctors, and a public experiment with 170 non‐doctors. The experimental results show that doctors, but not non‐doctors, exhibit more outcome bias when we exogenously render their professional identity more salient. These results indicate that professional norms in the medical industry favor outcome bias.

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“…Our paper investigates the influence of democracy upon the spread of COVID-19. Following the literature research we have to control for several variables which are used in previous studies as determinants for population health, namely: Culture (Napier et al, 2014;Albert & Trommsdorff, 2014;Achim et al, 2020); Urbanization (Dutta & Gupta, 2019;Stearns et al, 2000); Unemployment (Maiti & Awasthi 2020;Tefft, 2011) and Pollution (Landrigan et al, 2017;Thomas & Zelikoff, 1999;Yue et al, 2018;World Health Organization, 2020). Regarding Culture, Lancet Commission is among the first ones to have documented that the effects of cultural systems of values upon health outcomes are huge, within and across cultures (Napier et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several strands within the specialized literature investigating the role of democracy upon population health and finding results which may differ due to various determinant factors, such as: a) the way of measuring democracy as: "stock" of democracy, meaning a long tradition of democratic governance (Gerring et al, 2012;Annaka & Higashijima, 2017;Gettysburg Foundation, 2020) or democracy at a certain moment of time (Kudamatsu, 2012;Liotti et al, 2018); the extent of freedom of a particular country (Franco et al, 2004;Wigley et al, 2020); b) the measuring way of population health, such as: infant mortality rate (Kudamatsu, 2012;Franco et al, 2004;Safaei, 2006;Wigley & Akkoyunlu-Wigley, 2017;Annaka & Higashijima, 2017); adult mortality rate (Safaei, 2006)); quality of life (Stroup, 2006); life expectancy (Franco et al, 2004;Safaei, 2006); treatment of HIV/AIDS (Justesen, 2012); human development index (Liotti et al, 2018); non-communicable diseases (Bollyky et al, 2019;Allen et al, 2020;Wigley et al, 2020); communicable diseases such as Covid-19 (Kavanagh, 2020;Berengaut, 2020); c) the sample in which the analysis is conducted, because the results may differ by levels of country development (Achim et al 2020;Ramos, 2014).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Democracy and the Covid-19 Pandemic. A Cross-Country Perspective within Cultural Context

Achim

Văidean

Borlea

et al. 2021

IJBS

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Our paper investigates the influence of democracy upon the spread of COVID-19. For the purpose of our study we use a sample consisting of 185 worldwide countries affected by the spread of the new coronavirus disease (54 high income and 131 low income countries). First, we find that in high income countries, higher levels of democracy reduce the spread of COVID-19 while in the low income countries its influence is exactly the opposite. Second, we find clear evidence that three dimensions of culture (individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity versus femininity) influence people’s behaviour in relation with the spread of COVID-19 in a large manner. This study’s addressability is wide, from regular people to top policymakers, through their common goal of limiting this pandemic and all the negative effects it brings along. Our findings are important as their policy implications suggest that democracies perform badly for the poorest people and what can be done to improve their record.

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Corruption and health outcomes within an economic and cultural framework

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Are Wealthy Countries Always Healthy? Health Outcomes and Public Health Spending Nexus in Nigeria

Are Wealthy Countries Always Healthy? Health Outcomes and Public Health Spending Nexus in Nigeria

Do professional norms in the medical industry favor outcome bias?

Democracy and the Covid-19 Pandemic. A Cross-Country Perspective within Cultural Context

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