“…In general, the main theoretical perspectives that guide the analysis of corruption are: the legal positivist; the functionalist, which includes the patrimonialism approach; and the economic (Filgueiras, Montandon, Oliveira, & Abreu, 2010;Pinho & Sacramento, 2018); these last two models -functionalist and economic -have dominated Brazilian studies on corruption (Bignotto, 2011;Marani, Brito, Souza, & Brito, 2018;Oliveira, Costa, & Mendes, 2016). Thus, one of the greatest divergences among the authors who have already studied corruption arise from the lack of consensus regarding the exact conceptualization of what is a corrupt action (Biason, 2012;Brei, 1996;Gardiner, 2002;Nye, 1967;Souza, Midlej e Silva, & Gomes, 2019).…”