Corrositex®, BCOP and HET-CAM as alternative methods to animal experimentation

Abstract

Tests in animals are used as models in toxicological and investigative studies. However, such tests have been considered inhumane because they can cause pain and suffering to experimental animals, while these methods can often be subjective. Protests calling for animal protection have questioned the effectiveness of in vivo tests and suggest the introduction of alternative, in vitro methods. International organizations, such as the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), the National Institute of Health (NIH), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), that regulate and develop new alternative animal models, have indicated the running of preliminary assays and execution of sequential tests, which consider physical-chemical properties and data of in vitro assays, before performing in vivo studies. Towards this background, the objective of the present article was to select promising alternative methods such as Corrositex®, BCOP and HET-CAM, intended to refine or replace the use of animals and reduce their suffering.

Biodegradable electrospun nanofibers coated with platelet-rich plasma for cell adhesion and proliferation

“…CAM test has been proposed as an alternative method to animal experimentation to evaluate the biocompatibility of a material and, in particular, angiogenesis response [43, 44]. The growth of blood vessels in the chicken CAM during embryo development was analyzed after the contact of the CAM with PCL and PRP-PCL scaffolds for 5 days (Figure 11).…”

Single and mixed poloxamine micelles as nanocarriers for solubilization and sustained release of ethoxzolamide for topical glaucoma therapy

“…The hen's embryo, more precisely the chorioallantoic membrane, is as an alternative to the Draize eye rabbits test for the evaluation of ocular formulations. The HET-CAM is a simple, fast and cheap test that provides measurable indices of the biocompatibility of a material [46,47]. The micellar systems tested did not induce haemorrhage, lysis or coagulation both before and after being loaded with ETOX ( figure 1a).…”

Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Nothopanax scutellarium Merr. Leaves

“…8 Root extract of Sophora flavescens has been reported to stimulate hair growth. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In this study, formula II and III, each containing 0.5% and 1% of ethyl acetate fraction have faster hair growth than positive control (Figure 1). The mechanism of hair growth from the ethyl acetate fraction is still unclear, but the activity of hair growth resulting from the ethyl acetate fraction N. scutellarium leaves is suggested due to flavonoids.…”

“…28 The role of flavonoids on the activity of hair growth is caused by several factors hair growth, such as insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factors (KGF), and hepatocyte growth factors (HGF), these factors have the effect of stimulating hair growth. 8,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In this study, the hair tonic on the formula III has a larger diameter than the positive control and has hair cuticle composed regularly and overlap (Figure 4). Some research suggests that healthy hair is observed with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) can be seen clearly has the hair cuticle smooth edges, patterns of cuticle layer to are arranged neatly to the inside of the hair seemed protected.…”