“…22 For this reason, pigments are oen used in epoxy resin coatings to enhance the barrier performance and corrosion protective property. [23][24][25] Traditional pigments and llers include red lead, 26 chromate, 27 titanium dioxide, [28][29][30][31] silicon dioxide, 32,33 iron oxide 34,35 and glass akes. 36 Nevertheless, traditional llers are limited in their applications due to their toxicity, environmental hazards, and poor protection performance, etc.…”