Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

Elsener, Bernhard

doi:10.1002/9783527619306.ch17

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Two inhibitor/chloride ratios were assessed, [PO 4 3 The use of corrosion inhibitors has proven to be an efficient way to prevent rebars corrosion in concrete. [1][2][3] It is well-known that aggressive conditions, such as those associated to concrete carbonation or chloride ions contamination compromise the stability of the protective passive layer naturally formed on steel reinforcements.Two approaches are generally used to study steel corrosion in concrete: using simulated pore solution or using actual concrete or mortar. The use of electrolytes that mimic pore solutions facilitates the control of the many parameters that influence rebar corrosion.…”

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Inhibiting Steel Corrosion in Simulated Concrete with Low Phosphate to Chloride Ratios

Yohai

Schreiner

Valcarce

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Phosphate ions are studied as corrosion inhibitors in pore simulating solutions highly contaminated with chloride ions. The investigation aims at understanding the role of phosphates in the corrosion inhibition mechanism, employing potentiodynamic polarization tests, micro-Raman spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photo electronic spectroscopy (XPS) and weight loss tests. Two inhibitor/chloride ratios were assessed, [PO 4 3 The use of corrosion inhibitors has proven to be an efficient way to prevent rebars corrosion in concrete. [1][2][3] It is well-known that aggressive conditions, such as those associated to concrete carbonation or chloride ions contamination compromise the stability of the protective passive layer naturally formed on steel reinforcements.Two approaches are generally used to study steel corrosion in concrete: using simulated pore solution or using actual concrete or mortar. The use of electrolytes that mimic pore solutions facilitates the control of the many parameters that influence rebar corrosion. This is the approach chosen in the present investigation.For concrete, the most widely used corrosion inhibitor is calcium nitrite.4-7 However, for ecological reasons, it needs to be replaced with less contaminant substances. In this sense, phosphate ions can be used as inhibiting agents as they are inexpensive and present low toxicity.The performance of phosphate ions as inhibitors in simulated pore solutions has not been extensively studied. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The inhibition mechanism in alkaline solutions is still under discussion and a deeper understanding is needed to later evaluate its effectiveness in mortars or in concrete.In a previous work, the effectiveness of a high dosage of sodium phosphate (0.3 mol L −1 ) as corrosion inhibitor was tested in a pore simulating solution contaminated with chloride ions (0.13 Also, a protection mechanism was proposed. 13 In this work, two dosages of sodium phosphate (0.1 and 0.3 mol L −1 ) are compared in a synthetic medium (pH 13) that simulates the interstitial solution of concrete heavily contaminated with chloride ions (0.The conditions chosen for this work include a lower phosphateto-chloride ratio and a higher chloride contamination, as compared to the previous investigation. The lower dosage of inhibitor tested in this work (0.1 mol L −1 ) has been selected in order to reduce costs and minimize changes in the mechanical properties associated to additives. The composition of the passive films is investigated to evaluate changes in the previously proposed protection mechanism that may result from this new phosphate dosage and chloride contamination levels. Materials and MethodsElectrodes preparation.-The electrodes were constructed from construction steel. The main alloying elements are: Mn 0.635%, C 0.299%, Si 0.258% and Cu 0.227%.The rebars were cut into discs * Electrochemical Society Member.z E-mail: mvazquez@fi.mdp.edu.ar and included in acrylic resin, including an appropriated contact. The geometrical area exposed was 0.503 cm 2...

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Inhibiting Steel Corrosion in Simulated Concrete with Low Phosphate to Chloride Ratios

Yohai

Schreiner

Valcarce

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…A partir de estas medidas pueden dibujarse mapas de potencial que revelan las zonas que son más propicias de sufrir corrosión en el estado activo (1). Sin embargo, como estas medidas tienen carácter cualitativo su interpretación es difícil (2). Esto se debe a que el potencial sólo informa del riesgo de corrosión y no de la actividad en el momento presente.…”

Section: Mapas De Potencial Y Resistividadunclassified

Nuevas técnicas avanzadas para la medida in situ de la corrosión en hormigón armado

Andrade¹,

Martínez²,

Alonso³

et al. 2001

Mater. construcc.

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“…8. Galvanostatic pulse transients measured at different heights on a reinforced concrete wall heavily contaminated up to 1 m, current I app ¼ 0:1 mA [70]. Results see Table 1.…”

Section: Transient Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The curves of Fig. 9 were fitted to 90% by using the exponential law and the calculated R p values were 2.76 and 338 X m 2 for Table 1 Results of the Galvanostatic pulse measurements on a reinforced concrete wall exposed to splash water with deicing salts Height (m) E corr (mV (SCE)) Heavily chloride contaminated up to 1 m height [70]. Fig.…”

Section: Transient Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloride-induced corrosion on reinforcing steel: from the fundamentals to the monitoring techniques

Montemor¹,

Simões²,

Ferreira³

2003

Cement and Concrete Composites

431

142

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One of the most important causes for reinforcing steel corrosion is the presence of chloride ions. They cause localised breakdown of the passive film that initially forms on steel as a result of the alkaline nature of the pore solution in concrete. The harmful chloride ions can be originated from the use of contaminated mix constituents or from the surrounding environment. The determination of a critical level, above which serious problems can occur, has been one of the main goals of investigation. Unfortunately, it is difficult to establish such a value since the chloride level is influenced by several factors. Thus, after concrete contamination, it is of fundamental importance to follow the activity of chlorides and the state of the reinforcing rebars. In this respect, the use of electrochemical techniques such as polarisation resistance, electrochemical impedance, galvanostatic pulse and potential measurements have shown to be powerful tools. Nevertheless, the interpretation of the results becomes sometimes a difficult task. A large number of authors have dedicated several studies to the interpretation of such measurements and a highly dispersed number of interpretations can be found in literature. The aim of this paper is to present an overview on the state-of-the-art of the most important aspects of the corrosion process initiated by chlorides, its development and monitoring techniques.

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Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Inhibiting Steel Corrosion in Simulated Concrete with Low Phosphate to Chloride Ratios

Inhibiting Steel Corrosion in Simulated Concrete with Low Phosphate to Chloride Ratios

Nuevas técnicas avanzadas para la medida in situ de la corrosión en hormigón armado

Chloride-induced corrosion on reinforcing steel: from the fundamentals to the monitoring techniques

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