Corrosion of Refractories

Spinel‐Coated Graphite for Carbon Containing Refractory Castables

“…The bulk density (BD) and apparent porosity (AP) of the samples were determined by standard methods (i.e., ASTM C 20‐00 and C 133‐94), and a comparative study of the two varieties was performed, taking the average of four specimens at each temperature. To determine the slag corrosion resistance, a cylindrical groove was made at the center of the castable cubes, and these were preheated to 1200°C/2 h. Then, the grooves were filled with the converter slag (CaO/SiO 2 >3.1) collected from VSL (Visakhapatnam, A.P., India) and fired under a static condition up to 1500°C/2 h 26 . After natural cooling, several views of the withered samples were carefully examined in order to compare the performance of “C”‐ and “S”‐type castables.…”

A review of carbon-based refractory materials and their applications

“…A matrix is sintered fine materials which hold together the larger and smaller aggregate particles, either in bonded bricks or in monolithic refractory materials (Brosnan, 2004;Lee and Zhang, 1999;Barthel, 2008). It typically consists of a binder phase as well as fillers added to improve the properties of the refractory material (Pierson, 1993;Landy, 2004).…”

“…In refractory materials, pores are classified as apparent porosity (open pores) and closed porosity. Open pores can be penetrated by liquids (alloys, mattes, or slags), whereas closed pores are not easily penetrated (Brosnan, 2004). The porosity of a refractory is expressed as the average percentage of pore volume in the total refractory volume (Carniglia and Barna, 1992).…”

“…In the context of refractory materials, corrosion can be defined as any type of interaction between a solid and a fluid phase that results in damage to either of the phases (Jansson, Brabie, and Bohlin, 2004). Corrosion of a refractory material is characterized by loss of thickness and mass (Brosnan, 2004).…”

“…Refractory materials are often referred to as the refractory lining (Steenkamp, Denton, and Hayman, 2017) and are typically supported by a steel structure. An additional function of the refractory lining is therefore to restrict the temperature of the support structure to levels that will maintain structural integrity (Schacht, 2004;Brosnan, 2004).…”