Corrosion behaviour of steels in lead–bismuth at 823 K

Corrosion behavior of steels in liquid lead–bismuth with low oxygen concentrations

“…It had been considered that the protective function was not caused by Fe 3 O 4 film under the condition of controlled oxygen concentration within the range between PbO formation and Fe 3 O 4 formation. In some papers [16,19,22], it was pointed out that the inner Fe-Cr spinel oxide layer in duplex oxide layers most possibly possessed corrosion resistance under the condition of an oxygen concentration of 10 À6 wt% or oxygen-saturation. Although there was possibility of Fe-Cr spinel formation at 550°C in the present experiment, the Mn-Cr spinel oxide formed instead of the Fe-Cr spinel showed inferior corrosion resistance.…”

Spectroscopic and microscopic study of the corrosion of iron–silicon steel by lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) at elevated temperatures

“…Recent studies of the corrosion of steel by static LBE include the work of Kurata et al [24,25], Soler et al [26], Furukawa et al [27], Martin et al [28], and Gnecco et al [29]. Studies in flowing LBE include the work by Kondo et al [30], Zhang et al [31], Mueller et al [32], Aiello et al [33], Deloffre et al [34], Balbaud-Celerier and Terlain [35], and Ilincev et al [36].…”

Corrosion behavior of a ferritic/martensitic steel HCM12A exposed to harsh environments

“…A significant challenge facing the SCWR and the LFR is the selection and development of structural and cladding materials suitable for long-term use in such highly corrosive environments. Corrosion in these environments can manifest itself in several forms including dissolution such as Ni in lead [1], compound formation, and liquid metal penetration along grain boundaries (for the LFR) [2]. Several factors contribute to the corrosion mechanisms: temperature and thermal gradient, exposure time, flow rate, material compositions, and coolant chemistry, in particular its oxygen content.…”