Corrosion behavior of a ferritic/martensitic steel HCM12A exposed to harsh environments

Improving Corrosion Behavior in SCWR, LFR and VHTR Reactor Materials by Formation of a Stable Oxide

“…strong peaks appear around a two-theta angle of35.2°, These peaks are very similar to the ones observed in the inner layer of9CrODS 600°C 4 weeks. It is not clear what phase these peaks are associated with, but the most probable phase associated with this peak is FeO, as seen in other studies [19]. This peak disappears in the 4-and 6-week samples, which suggests that this phase is an intermediate or transient phase in the oxidation process.…”

“…These studies have shown that HCMI2A forms a dual layer structure at 500°C with Fe304 in the outer layer and spinel (Fe,Cr)30 4 in the inner layer with some evidence of Cr203 [15]. At 600°C an internal oxidation layer or diffusion layer is also observed, showing evidence ofFeO [19]. The implantation of an yttrium coating prior to oxidation appears to enhance the corrosion resistance of the alloy [19].…”

“…At 600°C an internal oxidation layer or diffusion layer is also observed, showing evidence ofFeO [19]. The implantation of an yttrium coating prior to oxidation appears to enhance the corrosion resistance of the alloy [19].…”

“…The brass tubes have an external diameter of 3 mm and an internal diameter of2.3 mm and about the same length as the molybdenum rods. The Gatan G-l epoxy was cured at 80°C for [15][16][17][18][19][20] minutes. Once the sample has been mounted in such a way, the rods are cut into small discs that are about 1-2 mm thick using a diamond saw.…”

“…The oxide layers formed on HCM12A exposed to supercritical water have been previously studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSO) [IS,19,20]. These studies have shown that HCMI2A forms a dual layer structure at 500°C with Fe304 in the outer layer and spinel (Fe,Cr)30 4 in the inner layer with some evidence of Cr203 [15].…”