Corrosion aspect of dental implants—An overview and literature review

Abstract

The use of metals and their alloys in restorative and implant dentistry dates back to centuries. Titanium (Ti) is one of the most widely used biomaterial for medical implants because of its excellent mechanical properties and exceptional biocompatibility. The good biocompatibility of Ti is related to the thin oxide layer formed on Ti surface. TiO 2 is inactive with the surrounding biological environment and quite compatible with living tissues. However, TiO 2 layer can be destroyed during movements between implant and bone tissue under loading condition. The localized destruction causes corrosion of the implant, thus, weakening it; and can induce the leak of small metallic particles or ions into living tissues. This article highlights a review of the various aspects of corrosion and biocompatibility of dental titanium implants as well as suprastructures, and the methods to prevent it.

A Comprehensive Review on the Corrosion Pathways of Titanium Dental Implants and Their Biological Adverse Effects

“…Crevice corrosion is a type of local surface damage at contacting interfaces between implants, abutments, and prosthetic structures (Figure 1) with restricted ingress and egress of oral fluids and depletion of oxygen. In these restricted contacting areas, physiological fluid becomes acidic, reducing the pH values due to the presence of free H + ions in the medium [7,31,34,49]. Also, the dynamic mastication loading generating micro-motion at the implant-abutment connections promotes the wear of contacting surfaces and the premature destruction of the titanium oxide thin film.…”

Influence of oral pH Environment in the Corrosion Resistance of Cr-Co-Mo alloy Used for Dentistry Prosthetic Components

“…For the prosthesis components the Co-Cr-Mo (ASTM F1537) and Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM F136) are the most used; for abutment screw Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM F136) is used. These alloys are used because of their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance 7 . Nevertheless, due to the contact of different alloys in the dental implant structure and the aggressive oral environment, it tends to occur corrosion in these alloys with the release of toxic ions.…”

Effect of sandblasting on the surface roughness and residual stress of 3Y-TZP (zirconia)

“…Zirconia implant abutments in the anterior region have the advantage that they do not cause the grey discolouration of thin gingival tissue often observed when metal abutments are used. Moreover, there has been an increasing number of allergies and intolerances observed secondary to the use of dental alloys over the years [3][4][5]. In the context of this, the release of metal ions and the effect of their accumulations in lymph nodes and organs has also been a topic of discussion for some time [3,6].…”

“…Moreover, there has been an increasing number of allergies and intolerances observed secondary to the use of dental alloys over the years [3][4][5]. In the context of this, the release of metal ions and the effect of their accumulations in lymph nodes and organs has also been a topic of discussion for some time [3,6]. Zirconia on the contrary is chemically stable, non-toxic and very biocompatible [2,[7][8][9].…”