Corrosion and passivation of low-temperature nitrided AISI 304L and 316L stainless steels in acidified sodium sulphate solution

Kuczynska-Wydorska, M.; Flis, J.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2007.07.003

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The intensity ratio of Cr-oxide and Cr-hydroxide (I Cr /I CrÀhy ) in the film polarized at 0.3 V SCE was 1.08 for steel N2 and 1.32 for steel N3. A high I Cr /I CrÀhy suggested increased fraction of stable oxide in the passive film at this potential, indicating that N promoted the accumulation of passivation species, which is also supported by some literaturesÕ data ( Ref 6,12,17,41,42).…”

Section: Explanation Of Impedance Planes and Effects Of N On Passivitysupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Nitrogen on Passivity of Nickel-Free Stainless Steels by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis

et al. 2015

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The effects of different nitrogen contents on the passivity of nickel-free stainless steels in 0.5 M sulfuric acid + 0.5 M sodium chloride solution were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the potential ranges of active dissolution and active-passive transition. A simplified reaction model containing adsorbed intermediates involved dissolution process, and passivation process was proposed to explain the impedance characteristics. Based on both equivalent circuit and mathematical model analysis, the effects of nitrogen on the passivity of stainless steels are discussed.

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Section: Explanation Of Impedance Planes and Effects Of N On Passivitysupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Nitrogen on Passivity of Nickel-Free Stainless Steels by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis

et al. 2015

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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“…Similar behaviour of the metallic oxide parameters (resistance and CPE) were also observed by Patrito et al 49 and Patrito and Macagno, 50 studying Zr in different electrolytes (H 2 SO 4 , NaOH, HNO 3 and H 3 PO 4 ). The n values are greater than 0.9, suggesting near-capacitor behaviour.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…An estimative of the liquid junction potential was obtained based on the measurement of the potential difference between cells (3) and (1) Ag=AgCl=KCl sat: =65 wt % ethanol; 35 wt % H 2 O; 1 wt % H 2 SO 4 ; 0:006 wt % NaCl=Ag=AgCl=KCl sat: [3] Ag=AgCl=KCl sat: ==65 wt % ethanol; 35 wt % H 2 O; 1 wt % H 2 SO 4 ; 0:006 wt % NaCl=Ag=AgCl=KCl sat: [4] As the NaCl concentration increases the potential values of electrochemical cells (3) and (1) decreases due to the increase in the chloride ion activity. The junction potential values increases negatively in the ethanolic solutions and decreases in aqueous ones, suggesting that the ion chloride (and also the sulfate ion) mean activity coefficient is more influenced in ethanol than in aqueous solutions, probably owing to the decrease of the salt solubility in ethanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of 316L Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistance in Solution Simulating the Acid Hydrolysis of Biomass

Ferreira

Noce

Fugivara

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in 65 wt % ethanol, 35 wt % water, 1 wt % H 2 SO 4 solution containing different NaCl concentrations and at different temperatures was investigated using open circuit potential measurements, polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At 25 C, the minimum NaCl concentration required for occurrence of pitting was 0.58 wt %. In 0.35 wt % NaCl solution, localized corrosion was observed at temperatures higher than 40 C and, depending on the potential, metastable or stable pits were observed. No pits were observed below 40 C in 0.35 wt % NaCl solution. Stainless steels are used as construction materials for key corrosion-resistant equipment in most of the major industries, and especially in chemical, petroleum, processing, and power generation plants. A very thin film, known as the passive film, which is selfhealing in a wide variety of environments, 1-4 provides their corrosion resistance. Due to environmental concerns, there has recently been an increase in the demand for ethanol as a road vehicle fuel. There is therefore, a greater need for studies of the corrosion resistance of materials used in alcohol production plants, and in transportation and storage facilities.Among these stainless steels, the 300 series stands out. The 300 series represents compositional modifications of the classic 18=8 (18% Cr-8% Ni) stainless steel, which has been a popular corrosion-resistant material for some 70 years, to improve pitting, crevice and stress corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and strength, and reduce intergranular corrosion in welded materials. Type 304 is the general-purpose grade, widely used in applications requiring a good combination of corrosion resistance and formability. On the other hand, type 316 contains molybdenum and has greater resistance than type 304 to pitting in marine and chemical industry environments. and pitting corrosion constitutes one of the most important failure mechanisms. Pits cause failure through perforation, and engender stress corrosion cracks.1 Pitting corrosion has been studied for the last few decades and, according to Frankel,6 fundamental studies have focused on characterization of the passive film, the initial stages of passive film breakdown, metastable pitting growth, and the growth of large and stable pits.Solution chloride concentration is a very important parameter influencing pitting formation on stainless steels. Increasing the chloride concentration significantly increases the possibility of pitting. The chloride levels that can be tolerated without the onset of pitting increase with the chromium and molybdenum contents of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels (for example, the minimum chloride ion concentration in 1 mol L À1 H 2 SO 4 for initiation of pitting on pure Fe is 0.3 mmol L À1, while on Fe-18.6Cr-9.9Ni alloy it is 0.1 mol L À1). 1Electrochemical studies of pitting corrosion have found the existence characteristic potentials. Stable pits form at potentials noble to t...

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“…The corrosion resistance and hardness of these alloys are inadequate for this application, but if they are submitted to an adequate nitriding process, these properties can be improved [5][6][7][8] . When nitriding is performed at temperatures lower than 450 °C a high nitrogen content expanded austenite phase is formed, which shows higher hardness and higher pitting corrosion resistance compared to the untreated material [7][8][9][10] . The conditions of the nitriding technique (gas mixture, pressure, time and temperature) play an important role in the characteristic of the modified layer 7,11,12 , as thickness, hardness and N concentration along the layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the correlation between some of the properties of plasma nitrided AISI 316L stainless steel

et al. 2013

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When AISI 316L stainless steels are submitted to the nitriding process at temperatures lower than 450 °C, a high nitrogen content expanded austenite phase is formed, which shows higher hardness and higher pitting corrosion resistance compared to the untreated material. As a result, this material becomes adequate for biomedical application. The conditions of the nitriding technique, such as gas mixture, pressure, time and temperature, play an important role in some properties of the modified layer, including: thickness, hardness and N concentration along the layer. This paper explores a set of six samples of AISI 316L, nitrided at different times and temperatures, whose properties show important differences. The aim of this research is to investigate the correlation between the nitrided layer thickness (in the range of 0.77 to 11 µm) with both X-ray patterns characteristics and hardness measurements, which used two distinct loads. The results of this study show that: whereas the 3.6 gf load was suitable to measure the real hardness for four of the nitrided layers showing thickness ≥ 2.9 µm, the 50 gf load measured a substrate contribution, probably even for the highest thickness, 11 µm. Moreover, analyzing different reflections of the X-ray patterns showed evidence of the clear consistency between the X-Ray depths and the nitrided layer thicknesses: if the layer thickness is lower than the penetration depth of X-rays, two phases (austenite and expanded substrate) are present. If the layer thickness is higher, only the austenite is observed. Finally, concerning the citotoxicity property, all the samples, nitrided or not, were approved in the test for biocompatibility, indicating their potential use for biomedical applications.

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Corrosion and passivation of low-temperature nitrided AISI 304L and 316L stainless steels in acidified sodium sulphate solution

Cited by 48 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Nitrogen on Passivity of Nickel-Free Stainless Steels by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis

Effects of Nitrogen on Passivity of Nickel-Free Stainless Steels by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis

Evaluation of 316L Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistance in Solution Simulating the Acid Hydrolysis of Biomass

Investigating the correlation between some of the properties of plasma nitrided AISI 316L stainless steel

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